Leetcode 229. Majority Element II

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Leetcode 229. Majority Element II

Given an integer array of size n, find all elements that appear more than $\lfloor n/3 \rfloor$ times. The algorithm should run in linear time and in O(1) space.

The algorithm we applied in this problem named Boyer-Moore Majority Vote algorithm.

There is a tricky point in this solution, that is the num_1 and num_2 cannot guarantee be the number we want. Therefore, we need to check if num_1 and num_2 appear more than $\lfloor n/3 \rfloor$ times in the whole array (from line 34 to line 41). On the other hand, what this algorithm can guarantee is that if a number appears more than $\lfloor n/3 \rfloor$ times, then it must be in the num_1 or num_2 .

这道题目采用的是Boyer-Moore Majority Vote算法，其中主要的一个问题是num_1和num_2里面保存的究竟是什么？简单点说，如果一个数在数组中出现的次数超过了 $\lfloor n/3 \rfloor$ 次，那么它一定会被保存到num_1或num_2中。但是反过来，就不成立了，num_1或num_2中的数不一定出现的次数不一定超过了 $\lfloor n/3 \rfloor$ 次。这就是为什么需要检查num_1和num_2在数组中出现的次数。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> majorityElement(vector<int>& nums)
    {
        vector<int> ret;

        int cnt_1 = 0, cnt_2 = 0;
        int num_1 = -1, num_2 = -1;
        int size = nums.size();

        for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        {
            if(num_1 == nums[i])
                cnt_1++;
            else if(num_2 == nums[i])
                cnt_2++;
            else if(cnt_1 == 0)
            {
                cnt_1++;
                num_1 = nums[i];
            }
            else if(cnt_2 == 0)
            {
                cnt_2++;
                num_2 = nums[i];
            }
            else
            {
                cnt_1--;
                cnt_2--;
            }
        }

        cnt_1 = cnt_2 = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        {
            if(nums[i] == num_1)
                cnt_1++;
            else if(nums[i] == num_2)
                cnt_2++;
        }

        if(cnt_1 > size / 3)
            ret.push_back(num_1);
        if(cnt_2 > size / 3)
            ret.push_back(num_2);

        return ret;
    }
};