Java学习笔记（day31）

一、学习内容

1、矩阵对象的创建。

2、整数矩阵的加法、乘法。

3、Exception 的抛出与捕获机制。

4、用 this 调用其它的构造方法以减少冗余代码。

5、esultMatrix.data[i][i]: 成员变量的访问权限: 在同一类里面是可以直接使用的。

其中自我认为难点在于第四项，this函数是一种高级函数和，其功能需要认真学习和了解。

有关this的理解可以参考博客：this函数的理解和应用

二、代码编写

package matrix;

import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * Int matrix. For efficiency we do not define ObjectMatrix. One can revise it
 * to obtain DoubleMatrix.
 * 
 * @author Wei Ze 1025976860@qq.com
 */
public class IntMatrix {
	/**
	 * The data.
	 */
	int[][] data;

	/**
	 *********************
	 * The first constructor.
	 * 
	 * @param paraRows
	 *            The number of rows.
	 * @param paraColumns
	 *            The number of columns.
	 *********************
	 */
	public IntMatrix(int paraRows, int paraColumns) {
		data = new int[paraRows][paraColumns];
	}// Of the first constructor

	/**
	 *********************
	 * The second constructor. Construct a copy of the given matrix.
	 * 
	 * @param paraMatrix
	 *            The given matrix.
	 *********************
	 */
	public IntMatrix(int[][] paraMatrix) {
		data = new int[paraMatrix.length][paraMatrix[0].length];

		// Copy elements.
		for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < data[0].length; j++) {
				data[i][j] = paraMatrix[i][j];
			} // Of for j
		} // Of for i
	}// Of the second constructor

	/**
	 *********************
	 * The third constructor. Construct a copy of the given matrix.
	 * 
	 * @param paraMatrix
	 *            The given matrix.
	 *********************
	 */
	public IntMatrix(IntMatrix paraMatrix) {
		this(paraMatrix.getData());// 看不懂
	}// Of the third constructor

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Get identity matrix. The values at the diagonal are all 1.
	 * 
	 * @param paraRows
	 *            The given rows.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static IntMatrix getIdentityMatrix(int paraRows) {
		IntMatrix resultMatrix = new IntMatrix(paraRows, paraRows);
		for (int i = 0; i < paraRows; i++) {
			// According to access control, resultMatrix.data can be visited
			// directly.
			resultMatrix.data[i][i] = 1;
		} // Of for i
		return resultMatrix;
	}// Of getIdentityMatrix

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Overrides the method claimed in Object, the superclass of any class.
	 *********************
	 */
	public String toString() {
		return Arrays.deepToString(data);
	}// Of toString

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Get my data. Warning, the reference to the data instead of a copy of the
	 * data is returned.
	 * 
	 * @return The data matrix.
	 *********************
	 */
	public int[][] getData() {
		return data;
	}// Of getData

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Getter.
	 * 
	 * @return The number of rows.
	 *********************
	 */
	public int getRows() {
		return data.length;
	}// Of getRows

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Getter.
	 * 
	 * @return The number of columns.
	 *********************
	 */
	public int getColumns() {
		return data[0].length;
	}// Of getColumns

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Set one the value of one element.
	 * 
	 * @param paraRow
	 *            The row of the element.
	 * @param paraColumn
	 *            The column of the element.
	 * @param paraValue
	 *            The new value.
	 *********************
	 */
	public void setValue(int paraRow, int paraColumn, int paraValue) {
		data[paraRow][paraColumn] = paraValue;
	}// Of setValue

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Get the value of one element.
	 * 
	 * @param paraRow
	 *            The row of the element.
	 * @param paraColumn
	 *            The column of the element.
	 *********************
	 */
	public int getValue(int paraRow, int paraColumn) {
		return data[paraRow][paraColumn];
	}// Of getValue

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Add another matrix to me.
	 * 
	 * @param paraMatrix
	 *            The other matrix.
	 *********************
	 */
	public void add(IntMatrix paraMatrix) throws Exception {
		// Step 1. Get the data of the given matrix.
		int[][] tempData = paraMatrix.getData();

		// Step 2. Size check.
		if (data.length != tempData.length) {
			throw new Exception("Cannot add matrices. Rows not match: " + data.length + " vs. "
					+ tempData.length + ".");
		} // Of if
		if (data[0].length != tempData[0].length) {
			throw new Exception("Cannot add matrices. Rows not match: " + data[0].length + " vs. "
					+ tempData[0].length + ".");
		} // Of if

		// Step 3. Add to me.
		for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < data[0].length; j++) {
				data[i][j] += tempData[i][j];
			} // Of for j
		} // Of for i
	}// Of add

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Add two existing matrices.
	 * 
	 * @param paraMatrix1
	 *            The first matrix.
	 * @param paraMatrix2
	 *            The second matrix.
	 * @return A new matrix.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static IntMatrix add(IntMatrix paraMatrix1, IntMatrix paraMatrix2) throws Exception {
		// Step 1. Clone the first matrix.
		IntMatrix resultMatrix = new IntMatrix(paraMatrix1);

		// Step 2. Add the second one.
		resultMatrix.add(paraMatrix2);

		return resultMatrix;
	}// Of add

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Multiply two existing matrices.
	 * 
	 * @param paraMatrix1
	 *            The first matrix.
	 * @param paraMatrix2
	 *            The second matrix.
	 * @return A new matrix.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static IntMatrix multiply(IntMatrix paraMatrix1, IntMatrix paraMatrix2)
			throws Exception {
		// Step 1. Check size.
		int[][] tempData1 = paraMatrix1.getData();
		int[][] tempData2 = paraMatrix2.getData();
		if (tempData1[0].length != tempData2.length) {
			throw new Exception("Cannot multiply matrices: " + tempData1[0].length + " vs. "
					+ tempData2.length + ".");
		} // Of if

		// Step 2. Allocate space.
		int[][] resultData = new int[tempData1.length][tempData2[0].length];

		// Step 3. Multiply.
		for (int i = 0; i < tempData1.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < tempData2[0].length; j++) {
				for (int k = 0; k < tempData1[0].length; k++) {
					resultData[i][j] += tempData1[i][k] * tempData2[k][j];
				} // Of for k
			} // Of for j
		} // Of for i

		// Step 4. Construct the matrix object.
		IntMatrix resultMatrix = new IntMatrix(resultData);

		return resultMatrix;
	}// Of multiply

	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args
	 *            Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		IntMatrix tempMatrix1 = new IntMatrix(3, 3);
		tempMatrix1.setValue(0, 1, 1);
		tempMatrix1.setValue(1, 0, 1);
		tempMatrix1.setValue(1, 2, 1);
		tempMatrix1.setValue(2, 1, 1);
		System.out.println("The original matrix is： " + tempMatrix1);

		IntMatrix tempMatrix2 = null;
		try {
			tempMatrix2 = IntMatrix.multiply(tempMatrix1, tempMatrix1);
		} catch (Exception ee) {
			System.out.println(ee);
		} // Of try
		System.out.println("The square matrix is： " + tempMatrix2);

		IntMatrix tempMatrix3 = new IntMatrix(tempMatrix2);
		try {
			tempMatrix3.add(tempMatrix1);
		} catch (Exception ee) {
			System.out.println(ee);
		} // Of try
		System.out.println("The connectivity matrix is： " + tempMatrix3);
	}// Of main

}// Of class IntMatrix

 

三、总结

今日代码难度在于错误识别和返回函数的使用，以及this函数的理解。