Python深度学习基于PyTorch(Chapter 12 实战生产式模型 Section 12.2 风格迁移 )

from __future__ import print_function

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim

from PIL import Image
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision.models as models

import copy

device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

#指定输出图像大小
imsize = 512 if torch.cuda.is_available() else 128  # use small size if no gpu
imsize_w=600

#对图像进行预处理
loader = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize((imsize,imsize_w)),# scale imported image
    transforms.ToTensor()])  # transform it into a torch tensor


def image_loader(image_name):
    image = Image.open(image_name)
    # 增加一个维度，其值为1
    #这是为了满足神经网络对输入图像的形状要求
    image = loader(image).unsqueeze(0)
    return image.to(device, torch.float)


style_img = image_loader("./data/starry-sky.jpg")
content_img = image_loader("./data/shanghai_buildings.jpg")

print("style size:",style_img.size())
print("content size:",content_img.size())
assert style_img.size() == content_img.size(), "we need to import style and content images of the same size"


unloader = transforms.ToPILImage()  # reconvert into PIL image

plt.ion()

def imshow(tensor, title=None):
    image = tensor.cpu().clone()  # 为避免因image修改影响tensor的值，这里采用clone
    image = image.squeeze(0)      # 去掉批量这个维度
    image = unloader(image)
    plt.imshow(image)
    if title is not None:
        plt.title(title)
    plt.pause(0.001) # pause a bit so that plots are updated


plt.figure()
imshow(style_img, title='Style Image')

plt.figure()
imshow(content_img, title='Content Image')




class ContentLoss(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, target,):
        super(ContentLoss, self).__init__()
        # # 必须要用detach来分离出target，这时候target不再是一个Variable，
        #这是为了动态计算梯度，否则forward会出错，不能向前传播.
        self.target = target.detach()

    def forward(self, input):
        self.loss = F.mse_loss(input, self.target)
        return input


def gram_matrix(input):
    a, b, c, d = input.size()  # a表示批量（batch size）的大小，这里batch size=1
    # b是特征图的数量
    # (c,d)是特征图的维度(N=c*d)

    features = input.view(a * b, c * d)  # 对应图12-5中的x矩阵

    G = torch.mm(features, features.t())  # 计算内积

    # 对格拉姆矩阵标准化
    # 通过对其处以特征图像素总数.
    return G.div(a * b * c * d)



class StyleLoss(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, target_feature):
        super(StyleLoss, self).__init__()
        self.target = gram_matrix(target_feature).detach()

    def forward(self, input):
        G = gram_matrix(input)
        self.loss = F.mse_loss(G, self.target)
        return input



cnn = models.vgg19(pretrained=True).features.to(device).eval()



cnn



list(cnn.children())



cnn_normalization_mean = torch.tensor([0.485, 0.456, 0.406]).to(device)
cnn_normalization_std = torch.tensor([0.229, 0.224, 0.225]).to(device)

# create a module to normalize input image so we can easily put it in a
# nn.Sequential
class Normalization(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, mean, std):
        super(Normalization, self).__init__()
        # .view the mean and std to make them [C x 1 x 1] so that they can
        # directly work with image Tensor of shape [B x C x H x W].
        # B is batch size. C is number of channels. H is height and W is width.
        #self.mean = torch.tensor(mean).view(-1, 1, 1)
        self.mean = mean.clone().detach().view(-1, 1, 1)
        #self.std = torch.tensor(std).view(-1, 1, 1)
        self.std = std.clone().detach().view(-1, 1, 1)

    def forward(self, img):
        # normalize img
        return (img - self.mean) / self.std







# 为计算内容损失和风格损失，指定使用的卷积层
content_layers_default = ['conv_4']
style_layers_default = ['conv_1', 'conv_2', 'conv_3', 'conv_4', 'conv_5']

def get_style_model_and_losses(cnn, normalization_mean, normalization_std,
                               style_img, content_img,
                               content_layers=content_layers_default,
                               style_layers=style_layers_default):
    cnn = copy.deepcopy(cnn)

    # 标准化模型
    normalization = Normalization(normalization_mean, normalization_std).to(device)

    # 初始化损失值
    content_losses = []
    style_losses = []

    # 使用sequential方法构建模型
    model = nn.Sequential(normalization)

    i = 0  # 每次迭代增加1
    for layer in cnn.children():
        if isinstance(layer, nn.Conv2d):
            i += 1
            name = 'conv_{}'.format(i)
        elif isinstance(layer, nn.ReLU):
            name = 'relu_{}'.format(i)
            layer = nn.ReLU(inplace=False)
        elif isinstance(layer, nn.MaxPool2d):
            name = 'pool_{}'.format(i)
        elif isinstance(layer, nn.BatchNorm2d):
            name = 'bn_{}'.format(i)
        else:
            raise RuntimeError('Unrecognized layer: {}'.format(layer.__class__.__name__))

        model.add_module(name, layer)

        if name in content_layers:
            # 累加内容损失
            target = model(content_img).detach()
            content_loss = ContentLoss(target)
            model.add_module("content_loss_{}".format(i), content_loss)
            content_losses.append(content_loss)

        if name in style_layers:
            # 累加风格损失
            target_feature = model(style_img).detach()
            style_loss = StyleLoss(target_feature)
            model.add_module("style_loss_{}".format(i), style_loss)
            style_losses.append(style_loss)

    # 我们需要对在内容损失和风格损失之后的层进行修剪
    for i in range(len(model) - 1, -1, -1):
        if isinstance(model[i], ContentLoss) or isinstance(model[i], StyleLoss):
            break

    model = model[:(i + 1)]

    return model, style_losses, content_losses





#copy the content_img
input_img = content_img.clone()
# if you want to use white noise instead uncomment the below line:
# input_img = torch.randn(content_img.data.size(), device=device)

# add the original input image to the figure:
plt.figure()
imshow(input_img, title='Input Image')






def get_input_optimizer(input_img):
    # 这里需要对输入图像进行梯度计算,故需要设置为requires_grad_()，优化方法采用LBFGS
    optimizer = optim.LBFGS([input_img.requires_grad_()])
    return optimizer




def run_style_transfer(cnn, normalization_mean, normalization_std,
                       content_img, style_img, input_img, num_steps=600,
                       style_weight=1000000, content_weight=1):
    """Run the style transfer."""
    print('Building the style transfer model..')
    model, style_losses, content_losses = get_style_model_and_losses(cnn,
        normalization_mean, normalization_std, style_img, content_img)
    optimizer = get_input_optimizer(input_img)

    print('Optimizing..')
    run = [0]
    while run[0] <= num_steps:

        def closure():
            # correct the values of updated input image
            input_img.data.clamp_(0, 1)

            optimizer.zero_grad()
            model(input_img)
            style_score = 0
            content_score = 0

            for sl in style_losses:
                style_score += sl.loss
            for cl in content_losses:
                content_score += cl.loss

            style_score *= style_weight
            content_score *= content_weight

            loss = style_score + content_score
            loss.backward()

            run[0] += 1
            if run[0] % 50 == 0:
                print("run {}:".format(run))
                print('Style Loss : {:4f} Content Loss: {:4f}'.format(
                    style_score.item(), content_score.item()))
                print()

            return style_score + content_score

        optimizer.step(closure)

    # a last correction...
    input_img.data.clamp_(0, 1)

    return input_img










output = run_style_transfer(cnn, cnn_normalization_mean, cnn_normalization_std,
                            content_img, style_img, input_img)

plt.figure()
imshow(output, title='Output Image')

# sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_number = 4
plt.ioff()
plt.show()