Python Opencv 计算几何相关 API

Python Opencv 计算几何相关 API

Opencv 中有很多常用的计算几何 API，比如轮廓，连通性，最小外接矩形，多边形填充，多边形内外判断等。这些函数很实用，但参数较多，使用时经常需要现在网上查找。因此，为提高效率，写了这篇文章进行总结。

连通性

对于一个 8-bit 单通道图片获取每个像素点的连通性

def connectedComponents(image, labels=None, connectivity=None, ltype=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    """
    connectedComponents(image[, labels[, connectivity[, ltype]]]) -> retval, labels
    .   @overload
    .   
    .   @param image the 8-bit single-channel image to be labeled
    .   @param labels destination labeled image
    .   @param connectivity 8 or 4 for 8-way or 4-way connectivity respectively
    .   @param ltype output image label type. Currently CV_32S and CV_16U are supported.
    """
    pass

输入参数说明：

• image：传入的待确认连通性的单通道图像
• labels：返回的连通性标记矩阵，通常不传入，通过返回值获得
• connectivity：进行 4 领域判断还是 8 领域判断
• ltype：指定输出 labels 的数据类型，支持 CV_32S 和 CV_16U

输出参数说明：

• retval：存在的连通区域个数
• labels：连通性标记矩阵，从 0 开始标记，同一个 id 说明连通

def connectedComponentsWithStats(image, labels=None, stats=None, centroids=None, connectivity=None, ltype=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    """
    connectedComponentsWithStats(image[, labels[, stats[, centroids[, connectivity[, ltype]]]]]) -> retval, labels, stats, centroids
    .   @overload
    .   @param image the 8-bit single-channel image to be labeled
    .   @param labels destination labeled image
    .   @param stats statistics output for each label, including the background label, see below for
    .   available statistics. Statistics are accessed via stats(label, COLUMN) where COLUMN is one of
    .   #ConnectedComponentsTypes. The data type is CV_32S.
    .   @param centroids centroid output for each label, including the background label. Centroids are
    .   accessed via centroids(label, 0) for x and centroids(label, 1) for y. The data type CV_64F.
    .   @param connectivity 8 or 4 for 8-way or 4-way connectivity respectively
    .   @param ltype output image label type. Currently CV_32S and CV_16U are supported.
    """
    pass

这个函数是对上面函数的扩充，增加了一些连通区域的特征输出，其中增加的部分

• stats：连通区域的 bounding box 特征和面积，为一个 retval * 5 的矩阵。第一行是 labels == 0 的连通域属性，前 4 列是连通域的 bounding box 的 （left, top, width, height），第 5 列是该连通域面积。其他行依次类推
• centroids：每个连通区域的几何中心店，为 retval * 2 的矩阵。第一行是 labels == 0 的连通区域的几何中心，其他行依次类推。

多边形填充

def fillPoly(img, pts, color, lineType=None, shift=None, offset=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    """
    fillPoly(img, pts, color[, lineType[, shift[, offset]]]) -> img
    .   @brief Fills the area bounded by one or more polygons.
    .   
    .   The function cv::fillPoly fills an area bounded by several polygonal contours. The function can fill
    .   complex areas, for example, areas with holes, contours with self-intersections (some of their
    .   parts), and so forth.
    .   
    .   @param img Image.
    .   @param pts Array of polygons where each polygon is represented as an array of points.
    .   @param color Polygon color.
    .   @param lineType Type of the polygon boundaries. See #LineTypes
    .   @param shift Number of fractional bits in the vertex coordinates.
    .   @param offset Optional offset of all points of the contours.
    """
    pass

参数说明：

• img：原始输入图像，在此基础上进行绘制
• pts：依照顺时针或者逆时针的顺序依次排列的一个数组，比如 [p1, p2, p3, p4]
• color：填充多边形的颜色
• lineType：多边形边缘线型
• shift：顶点坐标的缩放系数
• offset：顶点坐标的偏移向量，比如 （x, y）

def fillConvexPoly(img, points, color, lineType=None, shift=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    """
    fillConvexPoly(img, points, color[, lineType[, shift]]) -> img
    .   @brief Fills a convex polygon.
    .   
    .   The function cv::fillConvexPoly draws a filled convex polygon. This function is much faster than the
    .   function #fillPoly . It can fill not only convex polygons but any monotonic polygon without
    .   self-intersections, that is, a polygon whose contour intersects every horizontal line (scan line)
    .   twice at the most (though, its top-most and/or the bottom edge could be horizontal).
    .   
    .   @param img Image.
    .   @param points Polygon vertices.
    .   @param color Polygon color.
    .   @param lineType Type of the polygon boundaries. See #LineTypes
    .   @param shift Number of fractional bits in the vertex coordinates.
    """
    pass

这个 API 与 fillPoly() 类似，唯一的区别是这个 API 只能绘制凸多边形。

轮廓

Contours 相关的 API 可以参考这篇：https://blog.csdn.net/a40850273/article/details/88063478

 

TODO