学习笔记 Java_多线程 2014.7.18

一、多线程

1、代码：MyInputOutput.java

/*
Input姓名、性别，Output输出。
*/
class Res
{
	String name;
	String sex;
	boolean flag = false;
}

class Input implements Runnable
{
	Res r = new Res();
	Input(Res r)  //初始化资源   
	{
		this.r = r;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		int x = 0;
		while(true)
		{
			synchronized(r)  //Input和Output要是同一把锁（即对象r）
			{
				if(r.flag)
					try{r.wait();}catch(Exception e){}
				if(x == 0)
				{
					r.name = "小红";
					r.sex = "女";
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "..." + "input:" + r.name + "..." + r.sex);
				}
				else
				{
					r.name = "ZhangSan";
					r.sex = "man";
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "..." + "input:" + r.name + "..." + r.sex);
				}
				x = (x + 1) % 2;
				r.flag = true;
				r.notify();
			}
		}
	}
}

class Output implements Runnable
{
	Res r = new Res();
	Output(Res r)
	{
		this.r = r;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			//-------------------------------------为什么这里一句话也要同步？-------
			synchronized(r)
			{
				if(!r.flag)
					try{r.wait();}catch(Exception e){}
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "..." + "output:" + r.name + "..." + r.sex);
				r.flag = false;
				r.notify();
			}
			//----------------------------------------------------------------------
		}
	}
}

class MyInputOutput
{
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		Res r = new Res();

		Input in = new Input(r);
		Output out = new Output(r);
		Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
	}
}

/*
wait:
notify();
notifyAll();

都使用在同步中，因为要对持有监视器(锁)的线程操作。
所以要使用在同步中，因为只有同步才具有锁。

等待和唤醒必须是同一个锁。

而锁可以是任意对象，所以可以被任意对象调用的方法定义Object类中。
*/

代码：MyInputOutput.java    对上面代码的优化（只是格式上的优化，内容没变）

class Res
{
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	private boolean flag = false;
	public synchronized void set(String name, String sex)  //非静态同步函数的对象是this
	{
		if(flag)
			try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){}
		//else  //不能有else了
		//{
		this.name = name;
		this.sex = sex;
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "..." + "input:" + name + "..." + sex);
		//}
		flag = true;
		this.notify();
	}
	public synchronized void out()
	{
		if(!flag)
			try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){}
		//else
		//{
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "..." + "output:" + name + "..." + sex);
		//}
		flag = false;
		this.notify();
	}
}

class Input implements Runnable
{
	private Res r = new Res();
	Input(Res r) 
	{
		this.r = r;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		int x = 0;
		while(true)
		{
			if(x == 0)
			{
				r.set("小红", "女");
			}
			else
			{
				r.set("ZhangSan", "man");
			}
			x = (x + 1) % 2;
		}
	}
}

class Output implements Runnable
{
	private Res r = new Res();
	Output(Res r)
	{
		this.r = r;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			r.out();
		}
	}
}

class MyInputOutput
{
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		Res r = new Res();
		
		new Thread(new Input(r)).start();
		new Thread(new Output(r)).start();
	}
}

 

2、代码：MyProducerConsumer.java    跟MyInputOutput.java差不多

/*
一个生产者，一个消费者
*/

class Resource
{
	private String name;
	private int count = 1;
	private boolean flag = false;
	public synchronized void set(String name)
	{
		if(flag)
			try
			{
				this.wait();
			}
			catch(Exception e)
			{
			}
		this.name = name + "--" + count++;
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "...生产者..." + this.name);  //这个this. 不能省（因为this.name和name同名了）
		flag = true;
		this.notify();
	}
	public synchronized void out()
	{
		if(!flag)
			try
			{
				this.wait();
			}
			catch(Exception e)
			{
			}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---消费者------" + name);  //为什么这里name前的this. 省了后面一样跟着count，跟上面那个不是一样的吗？
		flag = false;
		this.notify();
	}
}

class Producer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Producer(Resource res)
	{
		this.res = res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			res.set("小笼包");
		}
	}
}

class Consumer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Consumer(Resource res)
	{
		this.res = res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			res.out();
		}
	}
}

class MyProducerConsumer 
{
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		Resource res = new Resource();

		Producer pro = new Producer(res);
		Consumer con = new Consumer(res);

		Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(con);

		t1.start();
		t2.start();
	}
}

如果多创建几个线程，就会出现如下图所示的情况： 

解决这个问题：代码：MyProducerConsumer.java

/*
多个生产者，多个消费者
*/

class Resource
{
	private String name;
	private int count = 1;
	private boolean flag = false;
	public synchronized void set(String name)
	{
		//if(flag)
		while(flag)  //1、这里改成while，就不会出现生产了两个，才被消费掉的情况了，但是会卡住（死锁了吧）
			try
			{
				this.wait();
			}
			catch(Exception e)
			{
			}
		this.name = name + "--" + count++;
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "...生产者..." + this.name);  //这个this. 不能省（因为this.name和name同名了）
		flag = true;
		this.notifyAll();  //2、唤醒所有的就不会卡在那不走了
	}
	public synchronized void out()
	{
		//if(!flag)
		while(!flag)
			try
			{
				this.wait();
			}
			catch(Exception e)
			{
			}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---消费者------" + name);  //为什么这里name前的this. 省了后面一样跟着count，跟上面那个不是一样的吗？
		flag = false;
		this.notifyAll();
	}
}

class Producer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Producer(Resource res)
	{
		this.res = res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			res.set("小笼包");
		}
	}
}

class Consumer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Consumer(Resource res)
	{
		this.res = res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			res.out();
		}
	}
}

class MyProducerConsumer 
{
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		Resource res = new Resource();

		Producer pro = new Producer(res);
		Consumer con = new Consumer(res);

		Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
		Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
		Thread t4 = new Thread(con);

		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		t4.start();
	}
}