上篇对LED驱动代码进行分析,现在来写个LED测试测序测试该驱动。
1.驱动文件
[weiming@Huangweiming driver]$mkdir s3c_led
[weiming@Huangweiming driver]$ cd s3c_led/
[weiming@Huangweiming s3c_led]$ vim s3c_led.c
/*********************************************************************************
* Copyright: (C) 2012 Guo Wenxue<guowenxue@gmail.com>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Filename: s3c_led.c
* Description: This file
*
* Version: 1.0.0(07/26/2012~)
* Author: Guo Wenxue <guowenxue@gmail.com>
* ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "07/26/2012 10:03:40 PM"
*
********************************************************************************/
#include <linux/module.h> /* Every Linux kernel module must include this head */
#include <linux/init.h> /* Every Linux kernel module must include this head */
#include <linux/kernel.h> /* printk() */
#include <linux/fs.h> /* struct fops */
#include <linux/errno.h> /* error codes */
#include <linux/cdev.h> /* cdev_alloc() */
#include <asm/io.h> /* ioremap() */
#include <linux/ioport.h> /* request_mem_region() */
#include <asm/ioctl.h> /* Linux kernel space head file for macro _IO() to generate ioctl command */
#ifndef __KERNEL__
#include <sys/ioctl.h> /* User space head file for macro _IO() to generate ioctl command */
#endif
//#include <linux/printk.h> /* Define log level KERN_DEBUG, no need include here */
#define DRV_AUTHOR "Guo Wenxue <guowenxue@gmail.com>"
#define DRV_DESC "S3C24XX LED driver"
#define DEV_NAME "led" //定义设备名称
#define LED_NUM 4 //定义设备数量
/* Set the LED dev major number */
//#define LED_MAJOR 79
#ifndef LED_MAJOR
#define LED_MAJOR 0 /*如果没有定义主设备好,则默认为0,一般这个定义的设备号是固定不可用的,但是这为自动分配主设备号的逻辑提供了方便。*/
#endif
#define DRV_MAJOR_VER 1
#define DRV_MINOR_VER 0
#define DRV_REVER_VER 0
#define DISABLE 0
#define ENABLE 1
#define GPIO_INPUT 0x00 //宏定义00为输入模式
#define GPIO_OUTPUT 0x01 //宏定义01为输出模式
#define PLATDRV_MAGIC 0x60 //定义了一个魔数
#define LED_OFF _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x18)
#define LED_ON _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x19) /*魔数有着特殊的功能。我们定义了led_on和led_off,但是这个宏定义可能和系统的别的重复,因此我们采用魔术机制,定义一个系统未用的魔数,然后让魔术生成我们定义的led_on和led_off,这样就不会和系统相同了*/
#define S3C_GPB_BASE 0x56000010 //GPB引脚基地址
#define GPBCON_OFFSET 0 //GPBCON偏移地址
#define GPBDAT_OFFSET 4 //GPBDAT偏移地址
#define GPBUP_OFFSET 8
#define S3C_GPB_LEN 0x10 /* 0x56000010~0x56000020 */
int led[LED_NUM] = {5,6,8,10}; /* Four LEDs use GPB5,GPB6,GPB8,GPB10 */
static void __iomem *s3c_gpb_membase;
/* 定义s3c_gpb_membase为void __iomem*类型指针 ,在后面用来保存映射后的虚拟空间基地址。*/
#define s3c_gpio_write(val, reg) __raw_writel((val), (reg)+s3c_gpb_membase) //设置当前寄存器的值
#define s3c_gpio_read(reg) __raw_readl((reg)+s3c_gpb_membase) //读取当前虚拟地址寄存器的值
int dev_count = ARRAY_SIZE(led); //设备个数赋值给dev_count
int dev_major = LED_MAJOR; //主设备号赋值给dev_major
int dev_minor = 0; //次设备号赋值0
int debug = DISABLE; //出错定义赋值
static struct cdev *led_cdev;
/*定义一个cdev类型的结构体指针,cdev是内核中表示字符设备的一个结构体 静态变量存放在数据段*/
static int s3c_hw_init(void) //static只能在本C文件使用
{
int i;
volatile unsigned long gpb_con, gpb_dat, gpb_up; //volatile防止编译器优化代码
if(!request_mem_region(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN, "s3c2440 led")) /*向内核申请内存资源,其起始地址为S3C_GPB_BASE,大小为s3c_GPB_LEN;如果申请失败,返回-EBUSY*/
{
return -EBUSY;
}
if( !(s3c_gpb_membase=ioremap(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN)) ) /*申请成功后,将I/O内存资源的物理地址映射成核心虚地址。以后操作寄存器一律操作虚拟地址即s3c_gpb_membase的地址*/
{
release_mem_region(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN);
return -ENOMEM;
}
for(i=0; i<dev_count; i++)
{
/* Set GPBCON register, set correspond GPIO port as input or output mode */
gpb_con = s3c_gpio_read(GPBCON_OFFSET); //读取GPBCON寄存器的值
gpb_con &= ~(0x3<<(2*led[i])); /* Clear the currespond LED GPIO configure register先将相应的led的gpio引脚复位清零*/
gpb_con |= GPIO_OUTPUT<<(2*led[i]); /* Set the currespond LED GPIO as output mode 然后将相应的led的gpio引脚设置为输出模式*/
s3c_gpio_write(gpb_con, GPBCON_OFFSET); /*再将设置好的GPBCON引脚信息写入寄存器中 */
/* Set GPBUP register, set correspond GPIO port pull up resister as enable or disable */
gpb_up = s3c_gpio_read(GPBUP_OFFSET); //读取GPBUP的虚拟地址并保存在gpb_up中
//gpb_up &= ~(0x1<<led[i]); /* Enable pull up resister */
gpb_up |= (0x1<<led[i]); /* Disable pull up resister */
s3c_gpio_write(gpb_up, GPBUP_OFFSET); //将设置好的GPBUP引脚信息写入寄存器中
/* Set GPBDAT register, set correspond GPIO port power level as high level or low level */
gpb_dat = s3c_gpio_read(GPBDAT_OFFSET); //读取GPBDAT的虚拟地址并保存在gpb_dat中
//gpb_dat &= ~(0x1<<led[i]); /* This port set to low level, then turn LED on */
gpb_dat |= (0x1<<led[i]); /* This port set to high level, then turn LED off */
s3c_gpio_write(gpb_dat, GPBDAT_OFFSET); //将设置好的GPBDAT引脚信息写入寄存器中
}
return 0;
}
static void turn_led(int which, unsigned int cmd)
{
volatile unsigned long gpb_dat;
gpb_dat = s3c_gpio_read(GPBDAT_OFFSET); //设置gpb_dat变量来存储GPBDAT的在内存中的虚拟地址
if(LED_ON == cmd)
{
gpb_dat &= ~(0x1<<led[which]); /* Turn LED On */
}
else if(LED_OFF == cmd)
{
gpb_dat |= (0x1<<led[which]); /* Turn LED off */
}
s3c_gpio_write(gpb_dat, GPBDAT_OFFSET); //设置好的GPBDAT引脚信息写入内存
}
static void s3c_hw_term(void)
{
int i;
volatile unsigned long gpb_dat;
for(i=0; i<dev_count; i++)
{
gpb_dat = s3c_gpio_read(GPBDAT_OFFSET);
gpb_dat |= (0x1<<led[i]); /* Turn LED off */
s3c_gpio_write(gpb_dat, GPBDAT_OFFSET);
}
release_mem_region(S3C_GPB_BASE, S3C_GPB_LEN); //释放已申请的内存资源
iounmap(s3c_gpb_membase); //取消物理地址到虚拟地址的映射关系
}
static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int minor = iminor(inode); //获取次设备号
file->private_data = (void *)minor; /* 在file结构体中,private_data是一个空类型指针,此处用强制类型转换 */
printk(KERN_DEBUG "/dev/led%d opened.\n", minor); //打印成功信息
return 0;
}
static int led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk(KERN_DEBUG "/dev/led%d closed.\n", iminor(inode));
return 0;
}
static void print_help(void)
{
printk("Follow is the ioctl() commands for %s driver:\n", DEV_NAME);
//printk("Enable Driver debug command: %u\n", SET_DRV_DEBUG);
printk("Turn LED on command : %u\n", LED_ON);
printk("Turn LED off command : %u\n", LED_OFF);
return;
}
static long led_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) //参数为用户程序空间传过来的参数
{
int which = (int)file->private_data; //获取次设备号
switch (cmd)
{
case LED_ON:
turn_led(which, LED_ON);
break;
case LED_OFF:
turn_led(which, LED_OFF);
break;
default:
printk(KERN_ERR "%s driver don't support ioctl command=%d\n", DEV_NAME, cmd);
print_help();
break;
}
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations led_fops = //定义fop结构体,针对该驱动提供的系统调用和操作
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = led_open, //open为指向led_open()的函数指针
.release = led_release,
.unlocked_ioctl = led_ioctl,
};
static int __init s3c_led_init(void)
{
int result;
dev_t devno;
/*如果硬件初始化失败,打印如下信息并返回-ENODEV*/
if( 0 != s3c_hw_init() )
{
printk(KERN_ERR "s3c2440 LED hardware initialize failure.\n");
return -ENODEV;
}
/* Alloc the device for driver */
if (0 != dev_major) /* Static */ /* 如果已经有了设备号 静态获取主次设备号 */
{
devno = MKDEV(dev_major, 0); //主次设备号和设备名绑定
result = register_chrdev_region (devno, dev_count, DEV_NAME);
}
else //动态获取主次设备号
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, dev_minor, dev_count, DEV_NAME);
dev_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
/* Alloc for device major failure */ /* 如果设备号申请失败,打印如下信息并返回-ENODEV */
if (result < 0) //返回值小于0表示分配失败
{
printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver can't use major %d\n", DEV_NAME, dev_major);
return -ENODEV;
}
printk(KERN_DEBUG "S3C %s driver use major %d\n", DEV_NAME, dev_major);
if(NULL == (led_cdev=cdev_alloc()) ) //分配cdev结构体,如果分配失败,打印如下信息
{
printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver can't alloc for the cdev.\n", DEV_NAME);
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, dev_count);
return -ENOMEM;
}
led_cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE; //指明设备所属模块
cdev_init(led_cdev, &led_fops); //用于初始化cdev结构体,并建立cdev与file_operations 之间的连接
result = cdev_add(led_cdev, devno, dev_count); //提交给内核,向内核注册一个cdev结构
if (0 != result)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "S3C %s driver can't reigster cdev: result=%d\n", DEV_NAME, result);
goto ERROR;
}
printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver[major=%d] version %d.%d.%d installed successfully!\n",
DEV_NAME, dev_major, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER,DRV_REVER_VER);
return 0;
ERROR:
printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver installed failure.\n", DEV_NAME);
cdev_del(led_cdev); //注销设备,通常发生在驱动模块的卸载函数中
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, dev_count); //释放注册的设备号
return result;
}
/*s3c_led_exit()执行功能与s3c_led_init()函数的功能完全相反。该函数主要的功能为卸载驱动,释放内存,释放设备节点和设备号*/
static void __exit s3c_led_exit(void)
{
dev_t devno = MKDEV(dev_major, dev_minor);
s3c_hw_term();
cdev_del(led_cdev); //移除字符设备
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, dev_count); //释放设备编号
printk(KERN_ERR "S3C %s driver version %d.%d.%d removed!\n",
DEV_NAME, DRV_MAJOR_VER, DRV_MINOR_VER,DRV_REVER_VER);
return ;
}
/* These two functions defined in <linux/init.h> */
module_init(s3c_led_init);
module_exit(s3c_led_exit);
module_param(debug, int, S_IRUGO);
module_param(dev_major, int, S_IRUGO);
MODULE_AUTHOR(DRV_AUTHOR);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRV_DESC);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
2.Makefile文件
[weiming@Huangweiming s3c_led ]$ vim Makefile
Makefile
1 LINUX_SRC?=../../kernel/linux-3.0
2 CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/buildroot-2012.08/ARM920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-
3
4 obj-m := s3c_led.o
5
6 modules:
7 @make -C $(LINUX_SRC) M=`pwd` modules
8 @make clean
9
10 clean:
11 rm -f *.ko.* *.o *mod.c *.order *.symvers
make之后会生成我们所需要的.ko的驱动模块
3.测试文件
[weiming@Huangweiming s3c_led]$ vim test_s3c_led.c
/*********************************************************************************
* Copyright: (C) 2017 Huang Weiming<710564672@qq.com>
* All rights reserved.
*
* Filename: test_s3c_led.c
* Description: This file
*
* Version: 1.0.0(2017年04月17日)
* Author: Huang Weiming <710564672@qq.com>
* ChangeLog: 1, Release initial version on "2017年04月17日 19时40分14秒"
*
********************************************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define LED_CNT 4
#define DEVNAME_LEN 10
#define PLATDRV_MAGIC 0x60
#define LED_OFF _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x18)
#define LED_ON _IO (PLATDRV_MAGIC, 0x19)
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
int i;
int fd[LED_CNT];
char dev_name[DEVNAME_LEN] = {0,0,0,0};
for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)
{
snprintf(dev_name, sizeof(dev_name), "/dev/led%d", i);
fd[i] = open(dev_name, O_RDWR, 0755);
if(fd[i] < 0)
goto err;
}
while(1)
{
for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)
{
ioctl(fd[i], LED_ON);
}
sleep(1);
for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)
{
ioctl(fd[i], LED_OFF);
}
sleep(1);
}
for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)
{
close(fd[i]);
}
return 0;
err:
for(i=0; i<LED_CNT; i++)
{
if(fd[i] > 0)
{
close(fd[i]);
}
}
return -1;
}
编写完后对测试程序进行编译
4.开发板烧录
通过tftp命令把文件上传到开发板
接着进行加载模块测试
执行完./a.out就能看到led0~3每隔1秒进行亮灭闪烁。符合测试测序所实现的功能,测试驱动成功。
所遇问题
此情况是没有安装网卡驱动,可进行如下解决:
1.修改内核源码
[weiming@Huangweiming linux-3.0]$ vim arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-smdk2440.c
#include <linux/dm9000.h> //添加DM9000网卡的头文件
并添加如下代码
/* add DM9000 ethernet drivers ,whitch is bodify by liuchengdeng */
#define DM9000_BASE (S3C2410_CS4 + 0x300)
static struct resource s3c_dm9000_resource[] = {
[0] = {
.start = DM9000_BASE,
.end = DM9000_BASE + 3,
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM
},
[1] = {
.start = DM9000_BASE + 4,
.end = DM9000_BASE + 7,
.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM
},
[2] = {
.start = IRQ_EINT7,
.end = IRQ_EINT7,
.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ | IORESOURCE_IRQ_HIGHEDGE,
}
};
/*
* The DM9000 has no eeprom, and it's MAC address is set by
* the bootloader before starting the kernel.
*/
static struct dm9000_plat_data s3c_dm9000_pdata = {
.flags = (DM9000_PLATF_16BITONLY | DM9000_PLATF_NO_EEPROM),
};
static struct platform_device s3c_device_dm9000 = {
.name = "dm9000",
.id = -1,
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_dm9000_resource),
.resource = s3c_dm9000_resource,
.dev = {
.platform_data = &s3c_dm9000_pdata,
},
};
2.添加启动DM9000
[weiming@Huangweiming linux-3.0]$ vim arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-smdk2440.c
3.添加<linux/io.h>头文件
[weiming@Huangweiming linux-3.0]$ vim include/linux/dm9000.h
4.make生成新的内核文件,该文件就支持dm9000网卡了。