sudo apt-get install 安装包失败

用apt-get install有时候会出现现象

Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.

错误原因：Ubuntu每次发行版本的Codename都不一样

使用命令 lsb_release -a 查询自己系统的版本号

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS
Release:	18.04
Codename:	bionic

更新对应版本的源列表

1. 备份源列表

Ubuntu缺省的配置的源并不是国内的服务器，下载更新软件都比较慢，本文介绍如何设置源列表，选择比较快的源以节省下载时间。

# 首先备份源列表
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

2. 打开sources.list文件修改

选择合适的源，替换原文件的内容，保存编辑好的文件, 以阿里云更新服务器为例（从实际测试上结果分析，个人认为阿里云比网易和搜狐的服务器要快）：

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 阿里云镜像源-清华镜像源

注意根据具体使用的Ubuntu的版本不同，将文本中trusty替换为下面对应版本的字符串:

版本	版本号	代号
Lucid(10.04)	10.04	lucid
Precise(12.04): precise	12.04	precise
Trusty(14.04): trusty	14.04	trusty
Utopic(14.10): utopic	14.10	utopic
Ubuntu 16.04 TLS： xenial	16.04	xenial
Ubuntu 18.04 TLS： bionic	18.04	bionic

Ubuntu 18.04 TLS版本阿里云镜像源：

# https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse 
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse 
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse 

# 仿照清华镜像源，注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse 
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse 
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse 
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 18.04 TLS版本清华镜像源：

# https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

4. 刷新列表，一定要执行刷新

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential