(精华)2020年12月23日 .NET Core 多线程底层详解(互斥锁)

互斥锁：Monitor 和 mutex

定义：private static readonly object Lock = new object();

使用：Monitor.Enter(Lock); //todo Monitor.Exit(Lock);

作用：将会锁住代码块的内容，并阻止其他线程进入该代码块，直到该代码块运行完成，释放该锁。

注意：定义的锁对象应该是 私有的，静态的，只读的，引用类型的对象，这样可以防止外部改变锁对象

Monitor有TryEnter的功能，可以防止出现死锁的问题，lock没有

定义：private static readonly Mutex mutex = new Mutex();

使用：mutex.WaitOne(); //todo mutex.ReleaseMutex();

作用：将会锁住代码块的内容，并阻止其他线程进入该代码块，直到该代码块运行完成，释放该锁。

注意：定义的锁对象应该是 私有的，静态的，只读的，引用类型的对象，这样可以防止外部改变锁对象

Mutex本身是可以系统级别的，所以是可以跨越进程的

Monitor 测试实现：

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Sample5_2_monitor_lock
{
    class Program
    {
        private static int _TaskNum = 3;
        private static Task[] _Tasks;
        private static StringBuilder _StrBlder;
        private const int RUN_LOOP = 50;

        private static void Work1(int TaskID)
        {
            int i = 0;
            string log = "";
            bool lockToken = false;
            while (i < RUN_LOOP)
            {
                log = String.Format("Time: {0}  Task : #{1}  Value: {2}  =====\n",
                                  DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay, TaskID, i);
                i++;
                try
                {
                    lockToken = false;
                    Monitor.Enter(_StrBlder, ref lockToken);
                    _StrBlder.Append(log);
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (lockToken)
                        Monitor.Exit(_StrBlder);
                }
            }
        }

        private static void Work2(int TaskID)
        {
            int i = 0;
            string log = "";
            bool lockToken = false;

            while (i < RUN_LOOP)
            {
                log = String.Format("Time: {0}  Task : #{1}  Value: {2}  *****\n",
                                  DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay, TaskID, i);
                i++;
                try
                {
                    lockToken = false;
                    Monitor.Enter(_StrBlder, ref lockToken);
                    _StrBlder.Append(log);
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (lockToken)
                        Monitor.Exit(_StrBlder);
                }
            }
        }

        private static void Work3(int TaskID)
        {
            int i = 0;
            string log = "";
            bool lockToken = false;

            while (i < RUN_LOOP)
            {
                log = String.Format("Time: {0}  Task : #{1}  Value: {2}  ~~~~~\n",
                                  DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay, TaskID, i);
                i++;
                try
                {
                    lockToken = false;
                    Monitor.Enter(_StrBlder, ref lockToken);
                    _StrBlder.Append(log);
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (lockToken)
                        Monitor.Exit(_StrBlder);
                }
            }
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            _Tasks = new Task[_TaskNum];
            _StrBlder = new StringBuilder();

            _Tasks[0] = Task.Factory.StartNew((num) =>
                {
                    var taskid = (int)num;
                    Work1(taskid);
                }, 0);

            _Tasks[1] = Task.Factory.StartNew((num) =>
            {
                var taskid = (int)num;
                Work2(taskid);
            }, 1);

            _Tasks[2] = Task.Factory.StartNew((num) =>
            {
                var taskid = (int)num;
                Work3(taskid);
            }, 2);

            var finalTask = Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAll(_Tasks, (tasks) =>
            {
                Task.WaitAll(_Tasks);
                Console.WriteLine("==========================================================");
                Console.WriteLine("All Phase is completed");
                Console.WriteLine("==========================================================");
                Console.WriteLine(_StrBlder);
            });

            try
            {
                finalTask.Wait();
            }
            catch (AggregateException aex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Task failed And Canceled" + aex.ToString());
            }
            finally
            {
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

锁超时的使用：

其中主要使用的是 Monitor.TryEnter(),函数，其中多了一个设置超时时间的参数。
代码中让每个锁的超时Timer为2秒，在Work1中挺顿5秒，这样造成了Work2和Work3的超时。

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Sample5_3_monitor_lock_timeout
{
    class Program
    {
        private static int _TaskNum = 3;
        private static Task[] _Tasks;
        private static StringBuilder _StrBlder;
        private const int RUN_LOOP = 50;

        private static void Work1(int TaskID)
        {
            int i = 0;
            string log = "";
            bool lockToken = false;
            while (i < RUN_LOOP)
            {
                log = String.Format("Time: {0}  Task : #{1}  Value: {2}  =====\n",
                                  DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay, TaskID, i);
                i++;
                try
                {
                    lockToken = false;
                    Monitor.TryEnter(_StrBlder, 2000, ref lockToken);
                    if (!lockToken)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Work1 TIMEOUT!! Will throw Exception");
                        throw new TimeoutException("Work1 TIMEOUT!!");
                    }
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);
                    _StrBlder.Append(log);
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (lockToken)
                        Monitor.Exit(_StrBlder);
                }
            }
        }

        private static void Work2(int TaskID)
        {
            int i = 0;
            string log = "";
            bool lockToken = false;

            while (i < RUN_LOOP)
            {
                log = String.Format("Time: {0}  Task : #{1}  Value: {2}  *****\n",
                                  DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay, TaskID, i);
                i++;
                try
                {
                    lockToken = false;
                    Monitor.TryEnter(_StrBlder, 2000, ref lockToken);
                    if (!lockToken)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Work2 TIMEOUT!! Will throw Exception");
                        throw new TimeoutException("Work2 TIMEOUT!!");
                    }

                    _StrBlder.Append(log);
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (lockToken)
                        Monitor.Exit(_StrBlder);
                }
            }
        }

        private static void Work3(int TaskID)
        {
            int i = 0;
            string log = "";
            bool lockToken = false;

            while (i < RUN_LOOP)
            {
                log = String.Format("Time: {0}  Task : #{1}  Value: {2}  ~~~~~\n",
                                  DateTime.Now.TimeOfDay, TaskID, i);
                i++;
                try
                {
                    lockToken = false;
                    Monitor.TryEnter(_StrBlder, 2000, ref lockToken);
                    if (!lockToken)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Work3 TIMEOUT!! Will throw Exception");
                        throw new TimeoutException("Work3 TIMEOUT!!");
                    }
                    _StrBlder.Append(log);
                }
                finally
                {
                    if (lockToken)
                        Monitor.Exit(_StrBlder);
                }
            }
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            _Tasks = new Task[_TaskNum];
            _StrBlder = new StringBuilder();

            _Tasks[0] = Task.Factory.StartNew((num) =>
            {
                var taskid = (int)num;
                Work1(taskid);
            }, 0);

            _Tasks[1] = Task.Factory.StartNew((num) =>
            {
                var taskid = (int)num;
                Work2(taskid);
            }, 1);

            _Tasks[2] = Task.Factory.StartNew((num) =>
            {
                var taskid = (int)num;
                Work3(taskid);
            }, 2);

            var finalTask = Task.Factory.ContinueWhenAll(_Tasks, (tasks) =>
            {
                Task.WaitAll(_Tasks);
                Console.WriteLine("==========================================================");
                Console.WriteLine("All Phase is completed");
                Console.WriteLine("==========================================================");
                Console.WriteLine(_StrBlder);
            });

            try
            {
                finalTask.Wait();
            }
            catch (AggregateException aex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Task failed And Canceled" + aex.ToString());
            }
            finally
            {
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

mutex 测试实现 ：

1、initiallyOwned表示创建mutex的线程是否拥有该互斥体。true表示创建线程拥有互斥锁，只有在创建线程中调用ReleaseMutex释放后，其他等待线程才能参与抢夺互斥体的活动。false表示互斥锁体于与空闲状态，其他等待互斥锁的线程立即参与到抢夺互斥锁的活动中去。

2、在上面程序中如果创建mutex时使用true参数，故在启动其他线程后必须执行mutex.ReleaseMutex()，如果不释放mutex，则其他线程将一直等待下去。使用ture，相当于一创建就使用waitone()

3、mutex.WaitOne()与mutex.ReleaseMutex()要像 { } 一样配对使用，否则将出现 “由于出现被放弃的 mutex，等待过程结束” 的异常

4、mutex与monitor相比，没有暂时释放的功能；因此mutex一经释放，原释放资源的线程也将重新参与新一轮对mutex的争夺过程。

using (var mutex = new Mutex(false, "name"))
{
    try
    {
        mutex.WaitOne();
        //do something
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        throw ex;
    }
    finally
    {
        mutex.ReleaseMutex();
    }
}

简单例子：实现递归

//递归里的锁变量不相干
public static class RecursiveSample
{
    private static readonly Mutex Lock = new Mutex();
    private static int _counterA = 0;
    private static int _counterB = 0;
    public static void IncrementCounterA()
    {
        // 获取锁
        Lock.WaitOne();
        try
        {
            _counterA++;
            _counterB++;
        }
        finally
        {
            // 释放锁
            Lock.ReleaseMutex();
        }
    }

    public static void IncrementCounterB()
    {
        // 获取锁
        Lock.WaitOne();
        try
        {
            _counterA++;
            _counterB++;
        }
        finally
        {
            // 释放锁
            Lock.ReleaseMutex();
        }
    }

    public static void IncrementCounter()
    {
        // 获取锁
        Lock.WaitOne();
        try
        {
            IncrementCounterA();
            IncrementCounterB();
        }
        finally
        {
            // 释放锁
            Lock.ReleaseMutex();
        }
    }
}