About 异步编程

References: 

1. http://krondo.com/?p=1209
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_I/O 异步IO
   

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Reactor Pattern

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在Twisted中3个关键的概念：

1. Transports

   The Transport abstraction is defined by ITransport in the main Twisted interfaces module. A Twisted Transport represents a single connection that can send and/or receive bytes. For our poetry clients, the Transports are abstractingTCP connections like the ones we have been making ourselves in earlier versions. But Twisted also supports I/O overUNIX Pipes and UDP sockets among other things. The Transport abstraction represents any such connection and handles the details of asynchronous I/O for whatever sort of connection it represents.

   
   

2. Protocols

   Twisted Protocols are defined by IProtocol in the same interfaces module. As you might expect, Protocol objects implement protocols. That is to say, a particular implementation of a Twisted Protocol should implement one specific networking protocol, like FTP or IMAP or some nameless protocol we invent for our own purposes. Our poetry protocol, such as it is, simply sends all the bytes of the poem as soon as a connection is established, while the close of the connection signifies the end of the poem.

3. Protocol Factories

   Protocol Factories are an example of the Factory design pattern and they work in a straightforward way. ThebuildProtocol method is supposed to return a new Protocol instance each time it is called. This is the method that Twisted uses to make a new Protocol for each new connection.