【LEETCODE】8-String to Integer (atoi)

Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.

Notes: It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs). You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front.

Update (2015-02-10):

The signature of the C++ function had been updated. If you still see your function signature accepts a const char * argument, please click the reload button to reset your code definition.

spoilers alert... click to show requirements for atoi.

Requirements for atoi:

The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.

The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.

If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned. If the correct value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (2147483647) or INT_MIN (-2147483648) is returned.

题意：

将字符串转换为整数：每个字符代表的数字再加和

注意边界条件：

1.

从第一个非空格的字符开始，正负号保留

2.

在整数串之后，允许其他字符，可以忽略它们的影响

3.

如果在这个str里的第一个非空格字符序列，并不是有效的整数，或者说str是空的，或者只有空格，则不需要被转换

4.

如果不需要转换，则返回0

如果正确答案溢出，则返回最大或者最小值：INT_MAX (2147483647) or INT_MIN (-2147483648) 

两个判断条件很关键。INT_MAX/10 >= sum和INT_MAX - digit >= sum这两个判断条件确保了不会溢出。

eg:

str=' +111aa222&&&'

return:  111

参考：

http://m.blog.csdn.net/blog/nerv3x3/3465509

http://www.cnblogs.com/zuoyuan/p/3777806.html

class Solution:
    # @return an integer
    def myAtoi(self, str):
        INT_MAX = 2147483647
        INT_MIN = -2147483648
        sum = 0
        sign = 1
        i = 0
        if str == '':                                           #空字符
            return 0
            
        while i < len(str) and str[i].isspace():                #不要空格
            i += 1
            
        if i < len(str) and str[i] == '-':                      #判断正负号，保留符号为sign
            sign = -1
            
        if i < len(str) and (str[i] == '-' or str[i] == '+'):   #越过符号开始转换
            i += 1
            
        while i < len(str) and str[i].isdigit():                
            digit = int(str[i])                                 #转换成整数
            
            if INT_MAX/10 >= sum:                               #判断是否溢出，如果sum乘以10没溢出则乘，溢出时返回最大或者最小值
                sum *= 10
            else:
                if sign == 1:
                    return INT_MAX
                else:
                    return INT_MIN
                    
            if INT_MAX - digit >= sum:                          #判断是否溢出，如果sum＋digit没溢出则加，溢出返回最大或者最小值
                sum += digit
            else:
                if sign == 1:
                    return INT_MAX
                else:
                    return INT_MIN
                    
            i += 1
            
        return sign*sum