装饰者模式
顾名思义,装饰者模式肯定包含一个装饰的东西+一个被装饰的东西。
作用:动态地将新功能附加到对象上,在对象功能扩展方面,比继承更有弹性。
生活中的例子对应:
1>快递:
主体---物品---Component(父类)、ConcreteComponent(子类)
包装的东西---塑料泡沫等等填充物--- Decorator(父类&子类)
2>咖啡:
Component:drink
ConcreteComponent:各种咖啡(父类+子类)
Decorator:各种调料(父类+子类)
以咖啡为例:
父主体类drink.java:
public abstract class Drink {
public String description="";
private float price=0f;;
public void setDescription(String description){
this.description=description;
}
public String getDescription(){
return description+"-"+this.getPrice();
}
public float getPrice(){
return price;
}
public void setPrice(float price){
this.price=price;
}
public abstract float cost();
}
子主体父类Coffee.java:
public class Coffee extends Drink {
@Override
public float cost() {
return super.getPrice();
}
}
子主体子类四个:
Decaf.java:
public class Decaf extends Coffee {
public Decaf(){
super.setDescription("Decaf");
super.setPrice(3.0f);
}
}
Expresso.java:
public class Espresso extends Coffee{
public Espresso(){
super.setDescription("Espresso");
super.setPrice(4.0f);
}<pre name="code" class="java">}
LongBlack.java:
public class LongBlack extends Coffee{
public LongBlack(){
super.setDescription("LongBlack");
super.setPrice(6.0f);
}
}
ShortBlack.java:
public class ShortBlack extends Coffee{
public ShortBlack(){
super.setDescription("ShortBlack");
super.setPrice(5.0f);
}
}
装饰者父类Decorator.java 汇聚所有装饰者子类共有的功能,且要继承父主体类drink.java:
(因为装饰者是依赖被装饰者而存在的,好比有人会单点咖啡,但没人会单点糖、盐这些调料)
public class Decorator extends Drink {
private Drink Obj;
public Decorator(Drink Obj){
this.Obj=Obj;
};
@Override
public float cost() {
return super.getPrice()+Obj.cost();
}
@Override
public String getDescription(){
return super.description+"-"+super.getPrice()+"&&"+Obj.getDescription();
}
}
装饰者子类三个:
Chocolate.java:
public class Chocolate extends Decorator {
public Chocolate(Drink Obj) {
super(Obj);
super.setDescription("Chocolate");
super.setPrice(3.0f);
}
}
Milk.java:
public class Milk extends Decorator {
public Milk(Drink Obj) {
super(Obj);
super.setDescription("Milk");
super.setPrice(2.0f);
}
}
Soy.java:
public class Soy extends Decorator {
public Soy(Drink Obj) {
super(Obj);
super.setDescription("Soy");
super.setPrice(1.5f);
}
}
至此,应用了装饰者模式的咖啡的这个例子就编写完了。在吧台点一杯咖啡试试效果,CoffeeBar.java:
public class CoffeeBar {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Drink order;
order=new Decaf();
System.out.println("order1 price:"+order.cost());
System.out.println("order1 desc:"+order.getDescription());
System.out.println("---------------------------");
order=new LongBlack();
order=new Milk(order);
order=new Chocolate(order);
order=new Chocolate(order);
System.out.println("order2 price:"+order.cost());
System.out.println("order2 desc:"+order.getDescription());
}
}
控制台输出的结果:
order1 price:3.0
order1 desc:Decaf-3.0
---------------------------
order2 price:14.0
order2 desc:Chocolate-3.0&&Chocolate-3.0&&Milk-2.0&&LongBlack-6.0