4、外观模式

外观模式

适用于：

一个系统有很多类，且外界要与全部或大部分的这些类进行交互。

原理：

提供一个统一的对外接口，外界对象要访问这个系统中的一堆接口时，只需调用这个统一的对外接口即可。

作用：

1、把功能汇聚。

2、解耦。原来外面的对象要接触里面的类，现在只要接触这个系统统一的对外接口即可。

生活中的例子：
家庭影院。

一个遥控器可以实现把所有设备都打开、关闭、暂停等等的功能。

有N多个类：

DVD播放器：

public class DVDPlayer {

	private static DVDPlayer instance = null;

	private DVDPlayer() {

	}

	public static DVDPlayer getInstance() {
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new DVDPlayer();
		}
		return instance;
	}
	
	public void on() {
		System.out.println("DVDPlayer On");
	}

	public void off() {
		System.out.println("DVDPlayer Off");
	}

	public void play() {
		System.out.println("DVDPlayer is playing");
	}
	
	public void pause() {
		System.out.println("DVDPlayer  pause");
	}
	
	public void setdvd() {
		System.out.println("DVDPlayer  is setting dvd");
	}
	
}

爆米花机：

public class Popcorn {

	private static Popcorn instance = null;

	private Popcorn() {

	}

	public static Popcorn getInstance() {
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new Popcorn();
		}
		return instance;
	}
	
	public void on() {
		System.out.println("Popcorn On");
	}

	public void off() {
		System.out.println("Popcorn Off");
	}

	public void pop() {
		System.out.println("Popcorn is popping");
	}
	
}

屏幕：

public class Screen {

	private static Screen instance = null;

	private Screen() {

	}

	public static Screen getInstance() {
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new Screen();
		}
		return instance;
	}
	
	public void up() {
		System.out.println("Screen  up");
	}

	public void down() {
		System.out.println("Screen  down");
	}

}

投影仪：

public class Projector {
	
	private int size=5;
	private static Projector instance = null;

	private Projector() {

	}

	public static Projector getInstance() {
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new Projector();
		}
		return instance;
	}
	
	public void on() {
		System.out.println("Projector On");
	}

	public void off() {
		System.out.println("Projector Off");
	}

	public void focus() {
		System.out.println("Popcorn is focus");
	}
	
	public void zoom(int size) {
		this.size=size;
		System.out.println("Popcorn zoom to"+size);
	}
	
}

音响：

public class Stereo {

	private static Stereo instance = null;
	private int volume = 5;

	private Stereo() {

	}

	public static Stereo getInstance() {
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new Stereo();
		}
		return instance;
	}

	public void on() {
		System.out.println("Stereo On");
	}

	public void off() {
		System.out.println("Stereo Off");
	}

	public void setVolume(int vol) {

		volume = vol;
		System.out.println("the volume of Stereo is set to  " + volume);
	}

	public void addVolume() {
		if (volume < 11) {
			volume++;
			setVolume(volume);
		}
	}

	public void subVolume() {
		if (volume > 0) {
			volume--;
			setVolume(volume);
		}
	}

}

灯光：

public class TheaterLights {

	private static TheaterLights instance = null;

	private TheaterLights() {

	}

	public static TheaterLights getInstance() {
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new TheaterLights();
		}
		return instance;
	}

	public void on() {
		System.out.println("TheaterLights On");
	}

	public void off() {
		System.out.println("TheaterLights Off");
	}

	public void dim(int d) {
		System.out.println("TheaterLights dim to " + d + "%");
	}

	public void bright() {
		dim(100);
		System.out.println("TheaterLights bright");
	}
}

上面这些类都有对应的物理实体，故可以用单例模式来定义。这些类的操作都差不多，我们只需写一个类似遥控器的类来统一操作即可：

public class HomeTheaterFacade {
	
	private TheaterLights mTheaterLights;
	private Popcorn mPopcorn;
	private Stereo mStereo;
	private Projector mProjector;
	private Screen mScreen;
	private DVDPlayer mDVDPlayer;

	public HomeTheaterFacade() {
		mTheaterLights = TheaterLights.getInstance();
		mPopcorn = Popcorn.getInstance();
		mStereo = Stereo.getInstance();
		mProjector = Projector.getInstance();
		mScreen = Screen.getInstance();
		mDVDPlayer = DVDPlayer.getInstance();
	}

	public void ready() {
		mPopcorn.on();
		mPopcorn.pop();
		mScreen.down();
		mProjector.on();
		mStereo.on();
		mDVDPlayer.on();
		mDVDPlayer.setdvd();
		mTheaterLights.dim(10);
	}

	public void end() {
		mPopcorn.off();
		mTheaterLights.bright();
		mScreen.up();
		mProjector.off();
		mStereo.off();
		
		mDVDPlayer.setdvd();
		mDVDPlayer.off();
		
	}

	public void play() {
		mDVDPlayer.play();
	}

	public void pause() {
		mDVDPlayer.pause();
	}
	
}

这样，大大简化了外界调用的操作。现在写个类（Test.java）来测试一下：

public class Test {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		HomeTheaterFacade mHomeTheaterFacade=new HomeTheaterFacade();
		
		mHomeTheaterFacade.ready();
		mHomeTheaterFacade.play();
	}
}

运行结果：

Popcorn On
Popcorn is popping
Screen  down
Projector On
Stereo On
DVDPlayer On
DVDPlayer  is setting dvd
TheaterLights dim to 10%
DVDPlayer is playing

哈哈，正常运行出来了。

至此，例子就完全做完了。

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下面是一些笔记：

与命令模式的区别：

命令模式侧重对命令的封装，把命令封装成对象。实现控制器和下面设备的解耦。
外观模式侧重子系统对外暴露接口，简化调用操作。


最少知识原则：
尽量减少类之间的耦合。交互的类和接口越少越好。

外观模式是最少知识原则的一个体现和使用。

对象的方法可以调用：
该对象本身
作为参数传进来的对象
此方法创建和实例化的对象
对象的组件

方法的返回值对象不可以被调用，它违反了最少知识原则。