翻译：测试成熟度模型

原文来自wikipedia，由于中英文水平有限，等以后有提高了再作修改。

 

Testing Maturity Model
测试成熟度模型
The Testing Maturity Model (TMM) was based on the Capability Maturity Model, and first

produced by the Illinois Institute of Technology. Its aim to be used in a similar way to

CMM, that is to provide a framework for assessing the maturity of the test processes in an

organisation, and so providing targets on improving maturity.
测试成熟度模型（TMM）基于能力成熟度模型（CMM），首先由伊利诺伊理工学院提出。其目的是类似CMM

的方式，提供一个框架以评估一个组织测试过程的成熟度，并且给出了提高成熟度的目标。
There are five levels of maturity as follows:
以下是成熟度的5个级别：
Level 1 - Initial At this level an organisation is using ad-hoc methods for testing, so

results are not repeatable and there is no quality standard.
级别1 - 初始级 在这个级别组织使用特别的方法进行测试，所以结果不可重复并且没有质量标准。
Level 2 - Definition At this level testing is defined a process, so there might be test

strategies, test plans, test cases, based on requirements. Testing does not start until

products are completed, so the aim of testing is to compare products against requirements.
级别2 - 可定义的 在这个级别测试过程是定义好的，并且基于需求有测试策略，测试计划，测试用例等

。直到产品完成才开始测试，所以测试的目的是基于需求的。
Level 3 - Integration At this level testing is integrated into a software life cycle, eg the

V-model. The need for testing is based on risk management, and the testing is carried out

with some independence from the development area.
级别3 - 可整合的 在这个级别，测试被整合到软件生命周期，如V字模型。这就需要测试基于风险管理，

并且从开发领域独立出来。

Level 4 - Management and Measurement At this level testing activities take place at all

stages of the life cycle, including reviews of requirements and designs. Quality criteria

are agreed for all products of an organisation (internal and external).
级别 4 - 可管理和可度量 在这个级别测试行为发生在软件生命周期的每个阶段，包括需求和设计的评审

。质量标准对组织所有产品的内部和外部都是一致的。

Level 5 - Optimisation At this level the testing process itself is tested and improved at

each iteration. This is typically achieved with tool support, and also introduces aims such

as defect prevention through the life cycle, rather than defect detection (zero defects).
级别 5 - 可优化的 在这个级别对于每个迭代测试过程本身是可以被测试和被提高的。这是典型的有工具

的支持来完成，并在整个软件生命周期都引入了目标如预防缺陷，而不是缺陷检查（零缺陷）。
Each level from 2 upwards has a defined set of processes and goals, which lead to practices

and sub-practices.
从2级以上的每个级别都有一套定义好的过程和目标，它是可以引出活动和子活动的。
The TMM is now managed by the TMMI Foundation.
TMM现在有TMMi组织管理