OpenGL(1)

顶点缓冲对象 VBO(Vertex Buffer Object)
  

    unsigned int VBO;
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);//生成顶点缓冲对象
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);//将新建的缓冲绑定至GL_ARRAY_BUFFER上
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);//用于将用户的数据复制到当前绑定的缓冲

顶点数组对象 VAO(Vertex Array Object)
  OpenGL的核心就是去使用VAO，如果VAO绑定失败，OpenGL将不会去绘制任何东西

    unsigned int VAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);//生成VAO对象
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);//绑定VAO对象

顶点着色器(Vertex Shader)
  顶点着色器(Vertex Shader)是几个可编程着色器中的一个。如果我们打算做渲染的话，OpenGL需要我们至少设置一个顶点和一个片段着色器。

//顶点着色器代码
const char* vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "       gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
    "}\0";
    //创建一个着色器 类型为GL_VERTEX_SHADER
    unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);//将顶点着色器代码附着到着色器上
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);//进行编译

片段着色器(Fragment Shader)

//片元着色器代码
const char* fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "out vec4 FragColor;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "       FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
    "}\0";
    unsigned int fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

着色器程序对象(Shader Program Object)
   着色器程序对象是多个着色器合并之后并最终完成链接的版本，如果要使用刚才编译的着色器，那么必须进行链接，编译相当于lib，而链接程序对象相当于dll。

    unsigned int shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram,vertexShader);//将着色器附着到程序对象上
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram,fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);//链接着色器对象
    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);

glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
//0:指定我们要配置的顶点属性，在顶点着色器硬编码中layout(location = 0)
//3:指定顶点属性的大小，顶点属性是一个vec3，它由3个值组成，所以大小是3
//GL_FLOAT：GLSL中vec*都是由浮点数值组成的
//3 * sizeof(float)：顶点属性的步长，三个坐标一共12个字节，所以偏移12
//(void *)0:它表示位置数据在缓冲中起始位置的偏移量(Offset)，由于位置数据在数组的开头，所以这里是0

学完以上对象，就可以画出一个三角形

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

//ESC退出界面
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
    {
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    }
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);

//GLFW显示窗口宽度和高度
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 1280;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 720;

//顶点着色器代码
const char* vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "       gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
    "}\0";

//片元着色器代码
const char* fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "out vec4 FragColor;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "       FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
    "}\0";

float vertices[] =
{
    -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, //左
     0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, //右
     0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f  //上
};

int main()
{

    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
    if (window == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);

    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }


    unsigned int VBO;
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);//顶点缓冲对象
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);//用于将用户的数据复制到当前绑定的缓冲

    unsigned int VAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);


    unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);

    unsigned int fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

    unsigned int shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();

    glAttachShader(shaderProgram,vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram,fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);//和顶点着色器的layout (location = 0) 0对应，设置索引，在glDrawArrays之前调用

    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        processInput(window);

        glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }
 }