机器学习[1]-Numpy的学习

Numpy是Python科学计算的基础包，专为进行严格的数字处理而生。很多高级扩展包也依赖于它，如，Scipy、Matplotlib、Pandas.

Numpy的核心时数组（Array），具体来讲是多维数组（Ndarrays）.

常用的操作如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*
import numpy as np


def main():
    # 1、一维数组
    array = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
    print("print1:")
    print(array)

    # 2、二维数组
    array2 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
    print("print2:")
    print(array2)

    # 3、维数
    print("print3:")
    print("array2 dimension:", array2.shape)

    # 4、数组类型
    print("print4:")
    print("array2 type:", array2.dtype)

    # 5、元素个数
    print("print5:")
    print("array2 size:", array2.size)

    # 6、创建等差数组，步长默认为1
    array = np.arange(10)
    print("print6:")
    print("np.arange(10):", array)

    # 7、指定范围均匀分布
    array = np.linspace(0, 1, 5)
    print("print7:")
    print("np.linspace(0, 1, 5):", array)

    # 8、创建元素都是0的数组
    array = np.zeros((2, 3))
    print("print8:")
    print("np.zeros((2, 3))", array)

    # 9、创建单位矩阵数组
    array = np.eye(3)
    print("print9:")
    print("np.eye(3)", array)

    # 10、创建随机数组
    array = np.random.random(3)
    print("print10:")
    print("array = np.random.random(3)", array)

    # 11、数组加减乘除
    array1 = np.arange(10)
    array2 = np.arange(1, 11)
    array3 = array1 + array2
    array4 = array1 * 2
    print("print11:")
    print("array1 + array2:", array3)
    print("array1 * 2:", array4)

    # 12、数组索引
    array = np.arange(10)
    print("print12")
    print("array[2] = ", array[2])
    print("array[2-3] = ", array[2:4])
    array[2:4] = 102, 103
    print("array[2-3] changed = ", array[2:4])
    array2 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
    print("array2 row0 col0-1 = ", array2[0, 0:2])

    # 13、排序、求和、均值、标准差
    array = np.array([4, 5, 3, 1, 2])
    print("print13")
    print("sort:", np.sort(array))
    print("sum:", np.sum(array))
    print("mean:", np.mean(array))
    print("std:", np.std(array))

    # 14、数组的矩阵操作
    array = np.arange(3)
    mat = np.mat("1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9")
    print("print14")
    print("array dot mat:", np.dot(array, mat))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()