彩色图像->灰度图像:

#pragma comment(lib,"highgui.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"cxcore.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"cv.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"ml.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"cvaux.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"cvcam.lib") 

#include "cv.h"
#include "highgui.h"


int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
 IplImage* pImg; //声明IplImage指针

 //载入图像，强制转化为Gray
 if( argc == 2 && (pImg = cvLoadImage( argv[1], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED)) != 0 )
 {
  //IplImage* pImg2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(pImg), pImg->depth, pImg->nChannels);
  //cvCopy(pImg, pImg2, NULL);
	  IplImage* pImg2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(pImg),IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);
/*
CVAPI(void) cvConvertImage( const CvArr* src, CvArr* dst, int flags CV_DEFAULT(0));
cvConvertImage(src, dst, flags=0);
 src = float/byte grayscale/color image
 dst = byte grayscale/color image
 flags = CV_CVTIMG_FLIP     (垂直翻转图像)
         CV_CVTIMG_SWAP_RB  (置换 R 和 B 通道)
*/
  //cvConvertImage(pImg, pImg2, CV_CVTIMG_FLIP);
  //cvCvtColor(cimg,gimg,CV_BGR2GRAY); // cimg -> gimg 
  cvCvtColor(pImg,pImg2,CV_BGR2GRAY); // 

  //cvSaveImage(argv[2], pImg2); // 把图像写入文件

  cvNamedWindow( "Image", 1 ); // 创建窗口
  cvShowImage( "Image", pImg ); // 显示图像
  cvWaitKey(0);     // 等待按键
  cvShowImage( "Image", pImg2 ); // 显示图像
  cvWaitKey(0);     // 等待按键

  cvDestroyWindow( "Image" );  // 销毁窗口
  cvReleaseImage( &pImg );  // 释放图像
  cvReleaseImage( &pImg2 );  // 释放图像
  return 0;
 }

 return -1;
}

（2） 彩色图像->灰度图像:
// Using the OpenCV conversion: 
cvCvtColor(cimg,gimg,CV_BGR2GRAY); // cimg -> gimg 
 
// Using a direct conversion: 
for(i=0;i<cimg->height;i++) for(j=0;j<cimg->width;j++) 
  gimgA[i][j]= (uchar)(cimgA[i][j].b*0.114 + 
                       cimgA[i][j].g*0.587 + 
                       cimgA[i][j].r*0.299);