OpenCV4萌新之路——详解图像读取函数 “imread”

处理图像第一步当然是要读取一张图像，OpenCV给出的方法也很简单：

Mat cv::imread(const String& filename, int flags = IMREAD_COLOR);

一、函数简析

头文件 #include <opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp>

imread	返回类型	命名空间	函数名	参数1	参数2
详细	Mat	cv	imread	const String& filename	int flags = IMREAD_COLOR
详细	-	-	-	文件路径+文件名	图像读取模式

二、参数详解

1.String& filename

输入可为相对路径也可为绝对路径，运用方法参见测试代码。

注：
imread函数支持读取的图像格式有
Windows bitmaps - *.bmp, *.dib (always supported)
JPEG files - *.jpeg, *.jpg, *.jpe (see the Note section)
JPEG 2000 files - *.jp2 (see the Note section)
Portable Network Graphics - *.png (see the Note section)
WebP - *.webp (see the Note section)
Portable image format - *.pbm, *.pgm, *.ppm *.pxm, *.pnm (always supported)
PFM files - *.pfm (see the Note section)
Sun rasters - *.sr, *.ras (always supported)
TIFF files - *.tiff, *.tif (see the Note section)
OpenEXR Image files - *.exr (see the Note section)
Radiance HDR - *.hdr, *.pic (always supported)
Raster and Vector geospatial data supported by GDAL (see the Note section)

2.flags = IMREAD_COLOR

值	枚举名	定义	解释
-1	IMREAD_UNCHANGED	If set, return the loaded image as is (with alpha channel, otherwise it gets cropped). Ignore EXIF orientation.	如果设置，则按原样返回加载的图像（使用Alpha通道，否则会被裁剪）
0	IMREAD_GRAYSCALE	If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image (codec internal conversion).	如果设置，则始终将图像转换为单通道灰度图像（编解码器内部转换）
1	IMREAD_COLOR	If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image.	如果设置，请始终将图像转换为3通道BGR彩色图像
2	IMREAD_ANYDEPTH	If set, return 16-bit/32-bit image when the input has the corresponding depth, otherwise convert it to 8-bit.	如果设置，则在输入具有相应深度时返回16位/ 32位图像，否则将其转换为8位
4	IMREAD_ANYCOLOR	If set, the image is read in any possible color format.	如果设置，则以任何可能的颜色格式读取图像
8	IMREAD_LOAD_GDAL	If set, use the gdal driver for loading the image.	如果设置，使用gdal驱动程序加载图像
16	IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_2	If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/2.	如果设置，则始终将图像转换为单通道灰度图像，图像尺寸减小1/2
17	IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_2	If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/2.	如果设置，则始终将图像转换为3通道BGR彩色图像，图像尺寸减小1/2
32	IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_4	If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/4.	如果设置，则始终将图像转换为单通道灰度图像，图像尺寸减小1/4
33	IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_4	If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/4.	如果设置，则始终将图像转换为3通道BGR彩色图像，图像尺寸减小1/4
64	IMREAD_REDUCED_GRAYSCALE_8	If set, always convert image to the single channel grayscale image and the image size reduced 1/8.	如果设置，则始终将图像转换为单通道灰度图像，图像尺寸减小1/8
65	IMREAD_REDUCED_COLOR_8	If set, always convert image to the 3 channel BGR color image and the image size reduced 1/8.	如果设置，则始终将图像转换为3通道BGR彩色图像，图像尺寸减小1/8
128	IMREAD_IGNORE_ORIENTATION	If set, do not rotate the image according to EXIF’s orientation flag.	如果设置，请不要根据EXIF的方向标志旋转图像

三、测试代码

#include<iostream>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#define IMAGE_ABSOLUTE_PATH "F:/Leraning_OpenCV4/Sakai_Izumi.jpg" //绝对路径
#define IMAGE_RELATIVE_PATH "./Sakai_Izumi.jpg" //相对路径

int main()
{

	//读取图片
	Mat src = imread(IMAGE_ABSOLUTE_PATH, IMREAD_COLOR);
	//Mat src = imread(IMAGE_RELATIVE_PATH, 1);

	//判读是否成功读取图片
	if (src.empty())
	{
		std::cout << "Load img failed!" << endl;
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "Load img success!" << endl;
	}

	//显示图片
	imshow("src", src);
	waitKey(0);

	return 1;
}

1. 输入图像参数

2. 输出图像显示

3. 图像参数

4. 其他测试

ImreadModes 0 读取灰度图

ImreadModes 16 读取灰度图，宽、高都为原图的1/2

大家可以参考IMREAD_COLOR中不同的图像读取模式，对比一下显示图像，体会一下差异在哪。

四、参考文献

1. Image file reading and writing.