智能优化算法及其MATLAB实例（第二版）——免疫算法4.1

 

解:仿真过程如下:
(1)初始化免疫个体维数为D-10，免疫种群个体数为NP-100，最大免疫代数为G500，变异概率为P=0.7，激励度系数为alfa=1， belta=1，相似度阈值为detas=0.2，克隆个数为N=10。
(2)随机产生初始种群，计算个体亲和度、抗体浓度和激励度，并按激励度排序。
(3)取激励度前 NP/2 个个体进行克隆、变异、克隆抑制的免疫操作，免疫后的种群进行激励度计算。
(4)随机生成 NP/2 个个体的新种群，并计算个体亲和度、抗体浓度和激励度;免疫种群和随机种群合并，按激励度排序，进行免疫迭代。
(5)判断是否满足终止条件:若满足，则结束搜索过程，输出优化值;若不满足，则继续进行迭代优化。
优化结束后，亲和度进化曲线如图所示

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%免疫算法求函数极值%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%初始化%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
clear all;                                %清除所有变量
close all;                                %清图
clc;                                      %清屏
D=10;                                     %免疫个体维数
NP=100;                                   %免疫个体数目
Xs=20;                                    %取值上限
Xx=-20;                                   %取值下限
G=500;                                    %最大免疫代数
pm=0.7;                                   %变异概率
alfa=1;                                   %激励度系数
belta=1;                                  %激励度系数   
detas=0.2;                                %相似度阈值
gen=0;                                    %免疫代数
Ncl=10;                                   %克隆个数
deta0=1*Xs;                               %邻域范围初值
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%初始种群%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
f=rand(D,NP)*(Xs-Xx)+Xx;
for np=1:NP
    MSLL(np)=func1(f(:,np));
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算个体浓度和激励度%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
for np=1:NP
    for j=1:NP     
        nd(j)=sum(sqrt((f(:,np)-f(:,j)).^2));
        if nd(j)<detas
            nd(j)=1;
        else
            nd(j)=0;
        end
    end
    ND(np)=sum(nd)/NP;
end
MSLL =  alfa*MSLL- belta*ND;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%激励度按升序排列%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
[SortMSLL,Index]=sort(MSLL);
Sortf=f(:,Index);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%免疫循环%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
while gen<G
    for i=1:NP/2
        %%%%%%%%选激励度前NP/2个体进行免疫操作%%%%%%%%%%%
        a=Sortf(:,i);
        Na=repmat(a,1,Ncl);
        deta=deta0/(gen+0.0001);
        for j=1:Ncl
            for ii=1:D
                %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%变异%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
                if rand<pm
                    Na(ii,j)=Na(ii,j)+(rand-0.5)*deta;
                end
                %%%%%%%%%%%%%%边界条件处理%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
                if (Na(ii,j)>Xs)  |  (Na(ii,j)<Xx)
                    Na(ii,j)=rand * (Xs-Xx)+Xx;
                end
            end
        end
        Na(:,1)=Sortf(:,i);               %保留克隆源个体
        %%%%%%%%%%克隆抑制，保留亲和度最高的个体%%%%%%%%%%
        for j=1:Ncl
            NaMSLL(j)=func1(Na(:,j));
        end
        [NaSortMSLL,Index]=sort(NaMSLL);
        aMSLL(i)=NaSortMSLL(1);
        NaSortf=Na(:,Index);
        af(:,i)=NaSortf(:,1);
    end 
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%免疫种群激励度%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    for np=1:NP/2
        for j=1:NP/2
            nda(j)=sum(sqrt((af(:,np)-af(:,j)).^2));         
            if nda(j)<detas
                nda(j)=1;
            else
                nda(j)=0;
            end
        end
        aND(np)=sum(nda)/NP/2;
    end
    aMSLL =  alfa*aMSLL-  belta*aND;
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%种群刷新%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    bf=rand(D,NP/2)*(Xs-Xx)+Xx;
    for np=1:NP/2
        bMSLL(np)=func1(bf(:,np));
    end
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%新生成种群激励度%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    for np=1:NP/2
        for j=1:NP/2
            ndc(j)=sum(sqrt((bf(:,np)-bf(:,j)).^2));
            if ndc(j)<detas
                ndc(j)=1;
            else
                ndc(j)=0;
            end
        end
        bND(np)=sum(ndc)/NP/2;
    end
    bMSLL =  alfa*bMSLL-  belta*bND;
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%免疫种群与新生种群合并%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    f1=[af,bf];
    MSLL1=[aMSLL,bMSLL];
    [SortMSLL,Index]=sort(MSLL1);
    Sortf=f1(:,Index);
    gen=gen+1;
    trace(gen)=func1(Sortf(:,1));
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%输出优化结果%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Bestf=Sortf(:,1);                 %最优变量
trace(end);                       %最优值
figure,plot(trace)
xlabel('迭代次数')
ylabel('目标函数值')
title('亲和度进化曲线')
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%亲和度函数%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
function result=func1(x)
summ=sum(x.^2);
result=summ;
end

 运行结果：