[C++] namespace相关语法

本段测试代码包括如下内容：

(1) 如何访问namespace中声明的名称；
(2) namespace导致的相关冲突；
(3) namespace可嵌套；
(4) 可以在namespace中使用using声明和using编译命令；
(5) 未命名的namespace：其作用域为定义该namespace所在的声明区域。C++推荐用来替代static定义静态变量。

 

  1 #include <iostream>
  2 
  3 using namespace std;
  4 
  5 namespace jerry{
  6     int height;
  7     int weight;
  8     void showHeight();
  9     string name;
 10 }
 11 
 12 //
 13 namespace jerry{
 14     void showHeight()
 15     {
 16         cout<<"Method 3: Jerry height: "<<height<<" kg"<<endl;
 17     }
 18 }
 19 
 20 namespace elements
 21 {
 22    namespace fire
 23    {
 24        int flame;
 25        using namespace jerry; //(4) can use 'using' in namespace define
 26        using std::cout;
 27    }
 28    float water;
 29 }
 30 
 31 //(5) no name namespace
 32 //其作用域为定义时所在的声明域，可用来替换static变量，这是C++标准推荐的行为
 33 namespace {
 34     string data;
 35 }
 36 
 37 void testFun();
 38 int main()
 39 {
 40     cout<<"This code is to test namespace"<<endl;
 41     /*not allowed to define namespace in code segment
 42     //Error
 43     namespace jerry{
 44           int height;
 45           int weight;
 46     }
 47     */
 48 
 49     //(1) To access the data in namespace
 50     //Method 1: 作用域解析符
 51     jerry::height = 165;
 52     cout<<"Method 1: Jerry height: " << jerry::height <<" cm"<<endl;
 53 
 54     //Method 2: using声明
 55     using jerry::weight;
 56     weight = 64;
 57     cout<<"Method 2: Jerry weight: " << weight<<" kg"<<endl;
 58 
 59     //Method 3: using编译指令：All the define data in namespace jerry can be access.
 60     using namespace jerry;
 61     showHeight();
 62 
 63     //(2) about name conflict
 64     {
 65         jerry::name = "Jerry";
 66         string name = "Tom";
 67         //using jerry::name; Error
 68         cout << "name: "<<name<<endl;
 69         /*
 70         This method will lead conflict with locall parameter
 71         using jerry::name;
 72         cout << "name: "<<name<<endl;
 73         */
 74 
 75         cout << "name: "<<jerry::name<<endl;
 76         using namespace jerry;
 77         //局部变量会覆盖jerry命名空间的name定义
 78         cout << "name: "<<name<<endl;
 79 
 80     }
 81 
 82     //(3) namespace can nest
 83     elements::fire::flame = 2;
 84     using namespace elements::fire;
 85 
 86     //(5) no name namespace
 87     //其作用域为定义时所在的声明域，可用来替换static变量，这是C++标准推荐的行为
 88     data = "hello";
 89     cout<<"No name namespace: data: " << data <<endl;
 90     testFun();
 91 
 92 }
 93 
 94 void testFun()
 95 {
 96 
 97    /*not allowed to define namespace in code segment
 98    //Error
 99    namespace jerry{
100          int height;
101          int weight;
102    }
103    */
104 
105     //(5) no name namespace
106     data = "hello in function";
107     cout<<"No name namespace: data: " << data <<endl;
108 }

 运行结果为：

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Jerryli/p/3914062.html