linux内核驱动学习--字符设备驱动程序示例

头文件

包含imx6ull LED灯相关寄存器信息

#ifndef __NEWCHRLED_H
#define __NEWCHRLED_H

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/ide.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>

#define NEWCHRLED_CNT              1
#define NEWCHRLED_NAME             "newchrled"
#define LEDOFF                     0
#define LEDON                      1



/* 寄存器物理地址 */
#define CCM_CCGR1_BASE           (0X020C406C)
#define SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE   (0X020E0068)
#define SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE   (0X020E02F4)
#define GPIO1_DR_BASE            (0X0209C000)
#define GPIO1_GDIR_BASE          (0X0209C004)


/* newchrled 设备结构体 */
struct newchrled_dev {
    dev_t          devid;       /* 设备号 */
    struct cdev    ledCdev;     /* cdev */
    struct class  *ledClass;    /* class */
    struct device *ledDevice;   /* device */
    int            major;       /* 主设备号 */
    int            minor;       /* 次设备号 */
};
struct newchrled_dev newchrled; /* led 设备 */


#endif

---

驱动文件

#include "newchrled.h"

/* 映射后的寄存器虚拟地址指针 */
static void __iomem *IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1;
static void __iomem *SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_DR;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_GDIR;

static void imx6ullLedInit(void)
{
    unsigned int val = 0 ;

    /* 初始化 LED */
    /* 1、寄存器地址映射 */
    IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1   = ioremap(CCM_CCGR1_BASE,         4);
    SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE, 4);
    SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE, 4);
    GPIO1_DR          = ioremap(GPIO1_DR_BASE,          4);
    GPIO1_GDIR        = ioremap(GPIO1_GDIR_BASE,        4);

    /* 使能GPIO1的时钟 */
    val = readl(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
    val &= ~(0x3 << 26);            /* 清除以前的设置 */
    val |= (0x3 << 26);             /* 设置新值 */
    writel(val, IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);

    /* 3、设置 GPIO1_IO03 的复用功能，将其复用为
     * GPIO1_IO03，最后设置 IO 属性。
     */
    writel(0x5, SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03);

    /* 寄存器 SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 设置 IO 电气属性 */
    writel(0x10B0, SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);

    /* 4、设置 GPIO1_IO03 为输出功能 */
    val = readl(GPIO1_GDIR);
    val &= ~(1 << 3);               /* 清除以前的设置 */
    val |= (1 << 3);                /* 设置为输出 */
    writel(val, GPIO1_GDIR);

    /* 5、默认关闭 LED */
    val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
    val |= (1 << 3);
    writel(val, GPIO1_DR);

}


void led_switch(unsigned char status)
{
    unsigned int val = 0 ;
    if (status == LEDON) {
        val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
        val &= ~(1 << 3);
        writel(val, GPIO1_DR);
    }
    else if (status == LEDOFF) {
        val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
        val |= (1 << 3);
        writel(val, GPIO1_DR);
    }
}




static int led_open(struct inode *pInode, struct file *pFile)
{
    pFile->private_data = &newchrled; /* 设置私有数据 */
    return 0;
}

int led_close(struct inode *pInode, struct file *pFile)
{
    return 0;
}

ssize_t led_read(struct file *pFile, char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offset)
{
    return 0;
}

ssize_t led_write(struct file *pFile, const char __user *buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *offset)
{
    int retvalue;
    unsigned char databuf[1];
    unsigned char ledstat;

    retvalue = copy_from_user(databuf, buf, cnt);
    if (retvalue < 0) {
        printk("kernel write failed!\r\n");
        return -EFAULT;
    }
    ledstat = databuf[0]; /* 获取状态值 */
    if (ledstat == LEDON) {
        led_switch(LEDON);
    }
    else if (ledstat == LEDOFF) {
        led_switch(LEDOFF);
    }
    return retvalue;
}

/* 设备操作函数 */
struct file_operations ledFops = {
    .owner   = THIS_MODULE,
    .open    = led_open,
    .release = led_close,
    .read    = led_read,
    .write   = led_write,
};



static int __init led_init(void)
{
    imx6ullLedInit();
    
    /* 注册字符设备驱动 */
    /* 1、创建设备号 */
    if (newchrled.major) { /* 定义了设备号 */
        newchrled.devid = MKDEV(newchrled.major, 0);
        register_chrdev_region(newchrled.devid, NEWCHRLED_CNT, NEWCHRLED_NAME);
    }
    else {                 /* 没有定义设备号 */
        alloc_chrdev_region(&(newchrled.devid), 0, NEWCHRLED_CNT, NEWCHRLED_NAME);
        newchrled.major = MAJOR(newchrled.devid);
        newchrled.minor = MAJOR(newchrled.devid);
    }
    printk("newchrled major = %d, minor = %d\r\n", newchrled.major, newchrled.minor);

    /* 2、初始化 cdev */
    newchrled.ledCdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
    cdev_init(&(newchrled.ledCdev), &ledFops);

    /* 3、添加一个 cdev */
    cdev_add(&(newchrled.ledCdev), newchrled.devid, NEWCHRLED_CNT);

    /* 4、创建类 */
    newchrled.ledClass = class_create(THIS_MODULE, NEWCHRLED_NAME);
    if (IS_ERR(newchrled.ledClass)) {
        return PTR_ERR(newchrled.ledClass);
    }

    /* 5、创建设备 */
    newchrled.ledDevice = device_create(newchrled.ledClass, NULL, newchrled.devid, NULL, NEWCHRLED_NAME);
    if (IS_ERR(newchrled.ledDevice)) {
        return PTR_ERR(newchrled.ledDevice);
    }
    return 0;
}

static void __exit led_exit(void)
{
    /* 取消映射 */
    iounmap(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
    iounmap(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
    iounmap(SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);
    iounmap(GPIO1_DR);
    iounmap(GPIO1_GDIR);

    /* 注销字符设备 */
    device_destroy(newchrled.ledClass, newchrled.devid);
    class_destroy(newchrled.ledClass);
    cdev_del(&newchrled.ledCdev);                        /* 删除 cdev */
    unregister_chrdev_region(newchrled.devid, NEWCHRLED_CNT);
}

module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("qinmian");

测试程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int fd;
    char *filename;
    unsigned char databuf[1];
    if(argc != 3){
        printf("Error Usage!\r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    filename = argv[1];
    fd = open(filename, O_RDWR);
    if(fd < 0){
        printf("Can't open file %s\r\n", filename);
        return -1;
    }
    databuf[0] = atoi(argv[2]);
    write(fd, databuf, sizeof(databuf));

    close(fd);

    return 0;
}