双变元
偏移问题,证明单调性
比如求证 x1+x2<2 x 1 + x 2 < 2 ,即证 f(x)−f(2−x)<>0 f ( x ) − f ( 2 − x ) <> 0 恒成立, f(x) f ( x ) 在 (1,...) ( 1 , . . . ) 单调…,所以 x1<2−x2 x 1 < 2 − x 2 ……
未知变量 )消掉 )用已知表示
x1,x2 x 1 , x 2 为 f′(x)=ax+b+cx f ′ ( x ) = a x + b + c x 的零点 → → 韦达
ex1. 若方程
f(x)=m(m<2)
f
(
x
)
=
m
(
m
<
2
)
有两个相异实根
x1
x
1
,
x2
x
2
,且
x1<x2
x
1
<
x
2
,证明
x1x22<2
x
1
x
2
2
<
2
0<x1<1,x2>1
0
<
x
1
<
1
,
x
2
>
1
lnx2−x2<f(2)∴x2>2
ln
x
2
−
x
2
<
f
(
2
)
∴
x
2
>
2
设
g(x)=lnx−x−m,h(x)=g(x)−g(2x2)=−x2+2x2+3lnx−ln2
g
(
x
)
=
ln
x
−
x
−
m
,
h
(
x
)
=
g
(
x
)
−
g
(
2
x
2
)
=
−
x
2
+
2
x
2
+
3
ln
x
−
ln
2
h′(x)=−1−4x3+3x=−(x−2)2(x+1)x3
h
′
(
x
)
=
−
1
−
4
x
3
+
3
x
=
−
(
x
−
2
)
2
(
x
+
1
)
x
3
x>2,h′(x)<0,h(x)<h(2)<0
x
>
2
,
h
′
(
x
)
<
0
,
h
(
x
)
<
h
(
2
)
<
0
∴g(x)<g(2x2)
∴
g
(
x
)
<
g
(
2
x
2
)
∴x1x22<2
∴
x
1
x
2
2
<
2
x2,x1 x 2 , x 1 替换
ex2.
f(x)=lnx−mx
f
(
x
)
=
ln
x
−
m
x
,
m>=32√2
m
>=
3
2
2
,
g(x)=2f(x)+x2
g
(
x
)
=
2
f
(
x
)
+
x
2
两个极值点
x1,x2
x
1
,
x
2
恰为
h(x)=lnx−cx2−bx
h
(
x
)
=
ln
x
−
c
x
2
−
b
x
的零点,求
y=(x1−x2)h′(x1+x22)
y
=
(
x
1
−
x
2
)
h
′
(
x
1
+
x
2
2
)
的最小值
h(x)=0→lnx1x2+c(x1+x2)(x2−x1)+b(x2−x1)=0
h
(
x
)
=
0
→
ln
x
1
x
2
+
c
(
x
1
+
x
2
)
(
x
2
−
x
1
)
+
b
(
x
2
−
x
1
)
=
0
y=(x1−x2)(2x1+x2−c(x1+x2)−b)
y
=
(
x
1
−
x
2
)
(
2
x
1
+
x
2
−
c
(
x
1
+
x
2
)
−
b
)
=2×x1−x2x1+x2−lnx1x2
=
2
×
x
1
−
x
2
x
1
+
x
2
−
ln
x
1
x
2
令
t=x1x2,t∈(0,12]
t
=
x
1
x
2
,
t
∈
(
0
,
1
2
]
y=2−4t+1−lnt
y
=
2
−
4
t
+
1
−
ln
t
y′=−(t−1)2t(t+1)2<0
y
′
=
−
(
t
−
1
)
2
t
(
t
+
1
)
2
<
0
ymin=y(12)=−23+ln2
y
m
i
n
=
y
(
1
2
)
=
−
2
3
+
ln
2
基本不等式: ∑nk=1xk>=n⋅∏nk=1xk−−−−−−−√n ∑ k = 1 n x k >= n ⋅ ∏ k = 1 n x k n
ex3. 证明
a<=4
a
<=
4
时,k = 2 + \frac 2{x_1 + x_2}{x_1^2x_2^2} - \frac a{x_1x_2}
即证
x1x2+4x1x2√>a
x
1
x
2
+
4
x
1
x
2
>
a
.
x1x2+4x1x2√>=3×x1x2⋅2x1x2√⋅2x1x2√−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√3=34–√3>4
x
1
x
2
+
4
x
1
x
2
>=
3
×
x
1
x
2
⋅
2
x
1
x
2
⋅
2
x
1
x
2
3
=
3
4
3
>
4
ex1+ex2>=2ex1+x22 e 1 x + e 2 x >= 2 e x 1 + x 2 2
ex4. 函数
f(x)=ae2x+bex
f
(
x
)
=
a
e
2
x
+
b
e
x
,
g(x)=x
g
(
x
)
=
x
,
F(x)=f(x)−g(x)
F
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
)
−
g
(
x
)
有两个不同的零点
x1
x
1
,
x2
x
2
,记
x0=x1+x22
x
0
=
x
1
+
x
2
2
,对
∀a∈(0,+∞)
∀
a
∈
(
0
,
+
∞
)
,
b∈R
b
∈
R
,试比较
f′(x0)
f
′
(
x
0
)
与
g′(x0)
g
′
(
x
0
)
的大小
x2−x1=a(ex2−ex1)(ex2+ex1)+b(ex2−ex1)>=2a(ex2−ex1)ex1+x22+b(ex2−ex1)
x
2
−
x
1
=
a
(
e
x
2
−
e
x
1
)
(
e
x
2
+
e
x
1
)
+
b
(
e
x
2
−
e
x
1
)
>=
2
a
(
e
x
2
−
e
x
1
)
e
x
1
+
x
2
2
+
b
(
e
x
2
−
e
x
1
)
∴f′(x0)−g′(x0)<=x2−x1ex2−x12−ex1−x22−1
∴
f
′
(
x
0
)
−
g
′
(
x
0
)
<=
x
2
−
x
1
e
x
2
−
x
1
2
−
e
x
1
−
x
2
2
−
1
令
t=x2−x12,(t>0), G(t)=2tet−e−t−1
t
=
x
2
−
x
1
2
,
(
t
>
0
)
,
G
(
t
)
=
2
t
e
t
−
e
−
t
−
1
G′(t)>0⇒(1−t)et>(1+t)e−t
G
′
(
t
)
>
0
⇒
(
1
−
t
)
e
t
>
(
1
+
t
)
e
−
t
令
H(t)=(1−t)et−(1+t)e−t
H
(
t
)
=
(
1
−
t
)
e
t
−
(
1
+
t
)
e
−
t
H′(t)=−t(et−e−t)<0,H(0)=0
H
′
(
t
)
=
−
t
(
e
t
−
e
−
t
)
<
0
,
H
(
0
)
=
0
∴H(t)<=0,G′(t)<=0
∴
H
(
t
)
<=
0
,
G
′
(
t
)
<=
0
limx→0G(t)=2et+e−t−1=0 ∴G(t)<0
lim
x
→
0
G
(
t
)
=
2
e
t
+
e
−
t
−
1
=
0
∴
G
(
t
)
<
0
∴f′(x0)<g′(x0)
∴
f
′
(
x
0
)
<
g
′
(
x
0
)
ex4.5.
f(x)=ex−ax+a
f
(
x
)
=
e
x
−
a
x
+
a
,
f(x)
f
(
x
)
有两个不同的零点
x1
x
1
,
x2
x
2
,求证
f′(2x1x2x1+x2)<0
f
′
(
2
x
1
x
2
x
1
+
x
2
)
<
0
a=ex2−ex1x2−x1
a
=
e
x
2
−
e
x
1
x
2
−
x
1
f′(2x1x2x1+x2)>ex1+x22−ex2−ex1x2−x1=ex1+x22⋅(1−ex2−x12−ex1−x22x2−x1)
f
′
(
2
x
1
x
2
x
1
+
x
2
)
>
e
x
1
+
x
2
2
−
e
x
2
−
e
x
1
x
2
−
x
1
=
e
x
1
+
x
2
2
⋅
(
1
−
e
x
2
−
x
1
2
−
e
x
1
−
x
2
2
x
2
−
x
1
)
设
G(t)=et−e−tt
G
(
t
)
=
e
t
−
e
−
t
t
,
G′(t)>0
G
′
(
t
)
>
0
limt→0G(t)=2
lim
t
→
0
G
(
t
)
=
2
∴
∴
…………
不等式
放缩
常用不等式:
1)
ex>=x+1
e
x
>=
x
+
1
2)
1−1x<=lnx<=x−1
1
−
1
x
<=
ln
x
<=
x
−
1
于是有送分题系列
1)
∏nk=2lnkk<1n
∏
k
=
2
n
ln
k
k
<
1
n
2)
∑nk=2ln(k2+1)<1+2lnn!
∑
k
=
2
n
ln
(
k
2
+
1
)
<
1
+
2
ln
n
!
3)
en(n−1)2>=n!
e
n
(
n
−
1
)
2
>=
n
!
ex1.
12n
1
2
n
前
n
n
项和为,求证
T22+T33+⋯+Tnn<T2n<T12+⋯+Tn−1n+12
T
2
2
+
T
3
3
+
⋯
+
T
n
n
<
T
n
2
<
T
1
2
+
⋯
+
T
n
−
1
n
+
1
2
T2n−T2n−1=Tn−1n+14n2
T
n
2
−
T
n
−
1
2
=
T
n
−
1
n
+
1
4
n
2
T2n=∑nk=2Tk−1k+∑nk=114k2
T
n
2
=
∑
k
=
2
n
T
k
−
1
k
+
∑
k
=
1
n
1
4
k
2
∑nk=114k2<∑nk=11(2k−1)(2k+1)<12
∑
k
=
1
n
1
4
k
2
<
∑
k
=
1
n
1
(
2
k
−
1
)
(
2
k
+
1
)
<
1
2
//右
T2n=∑nk=2Tkk−∑nk=214k2+14<14
T
n
2
=
∑
k
=
2
n
T
k
k
−
∑
k
=
2
n
1
4
k
2
+
1
4
<
1
4
//左
构造函数
ex1. 定义在
(0,+∞)
(
0
,
+
∞
)
上的函数
f(x)
f
(
x
)
的导函数
f′(x)
f
′
(
x
)
满足
xf′(x)+f(x)=lnxx
x
f
′
(
x
)
+
f
(
x
)
=
ln
x
x
,且
f(e)=1e
f
(
e
)
=
1
e
,则
f(x)+e>x+1e
f
(
x
)
+
e
>
x
+
1
e
的解集为:
(0,e)
(
0
,
e
)
f′(x)=lnx−xf(x)x2
f
′
(
x
)
=
ln
x
−
x
f
(
x
)
x
2
[lnx−xf(x)]′=1x−f(x)−xf′(x)=1−lnxx>0⇒x∈(0,e)
[
ln
x
−
x
f
(
x
)
]
′
=
1
x
−
f
(
x
)
−
x
f
′
(
x
)
=
1
−
ln
x
x
>
0
⇒
x
∈
(
0
,
e
)
f′(e)=0,f(x)<=0
f
′
(
e
)
=
0
,
f
(
x
)
<=
0
,
f(x)−x
f
(
x
)
−
x
单减,喵~
数值估计
看。脸。
∫tanx=−ln|cosx|+C
∫
tan
x
=
−
l
n
|
cos
x
|
+
C
|f(x1)−f(x2)x1−x2|<2017⇒|f′(x)|<=2017
|
f
(
x
1
)
−
f
(
x
2
)
x
1
−
x
2
|
<
2017
⇒
|
f
′
(
x
)
|
<=
2017