Java中实现写Word文档

背景：通过java代码，往docx文档中写入标题和段落。

依赖的maven包：

<dependency>        
  <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
  <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
  <version>5.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
  <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
  <version>5.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
  <artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
  <version>4.1.2</version>
</dependency>

创建标题，网上很多文章说使用如下代码可以实现：

            // 创建一个标题
            XWPFParagraph titleParagraph = document.createParagraph();
            titleParagraph.setStyle("heading 1");
            XWPFRun titleRun = titleParagraph.createRun();
            titleRun.setText("标题测试");
            titleRun.setBold(true);
            titleRun.setFontSize(20);

但是打开word后发现标题并没有生效。

这是因为需要自己编写标题的样式信息，参考如下代码中的addCustomHeadingStyle方法。

完整的代码参考如下：

import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.*;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * word文档工具类
 */
public class DocxUtil {

    /**
     * 增加自定义标题样式
     * @param docxDocument 目标文档
     * @param strStyleId 样式名称
     * @param headingLevel 样式级别
     */
    private static void addCustomHeadingStyle(XWPFDocument docxDocument, String strStyleId, int headingLevel) {

        CTStyle ctStyle = CTStyle.Factory.newInstance();
        ctStyle.setStyleId(strStyleId);

        CTString styleName = CTString.Factory.newInstance();
        styleName.setVal(strStyleId);
        ctStyle.setName(styleName);

        CTDecimalNumber indentNumber = CTDecimalNumber.Factory.newInstance();
        indentNumber.setVal(BigInteger.valueOf(headingLevel));

        // lower number > style is more prominent in the formats bar
        ctStyle.setUiPriority(indentNumber);

        CTOnOff onoffnull = CTOnOff.Factory.newInstance();
        ctStyle.setUnhideWhenUsed(onoffnull);

        // style shows up in the formats bar
        ctStyle.setQFormat(onoffnull);

        // style defines a heading of the given level
        CTPPrGeneral ppr = CTPPrGeneral.Factory.newInstance();
        ppr.setOutlineLvl(indentNumber);
        ctStyle.setPPr(ppr);

        XWPFStyle style = new XWPFStyle(ctStyle);

        // is a null op if already defined
        XWPFStyles styles = docxDocument.createStyles();

        style.setType(STStyleType.PARAGRAPH);
        styles.addStyle(style);

    }

    /**
     * 生成一个标题 + 一个段落格式的docx文档
     * @param title 标题
     * @param content 正文
     * @param filePath docx地址
     */
    public static void generateDocxFile(String title, String content, String filePath){
        try {
            // 创建一个新的空白docx文档
            XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();

            addCustomHeadingStyle(document, "heading 1", 1);

            // 创建一个标题
            XWPFParagraph titleParagraph = document.createParagraph();
            titleParagraph.setStyle("heading 1");
            XWPFRun titleRun = titleParagraph.createRun();
            titleRun.setText(title);
            titleRun.setBold(true);
            titleRun.setFontSize(20);

            // 获取段落的CTPPr对象
            CTPPr pPr = titleParagraph.getCTP().getPPr();

            // 如果pPr为null，说明还没有属性，需要创建
            if (pPr == null) {
                pPr = titleParagraph.getCTP().addNewPPr();
            }

            // 设置文本居中对齐
            CTJc jc = pPr.isSetJc() ? pPr.getJc() : pPr.addNewJc();
            jc.setVal(STJc.CENTER); // 居中对齐


            // 创建一个段落
            XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
            XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();
            run.setText(content);

            // 写入数据到文档
            FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(new File(filePath));
            document.write(out);
            out.close();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 生成N个标题 + N个段落格式的docx文档
     * @param titleList
     * @param contentList
     * @param filePath
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void generateDocxFile(List<String> titleList, List<String> contentList, String filePath){
        if(titleList.size() != contentList.size()){
            System.out.println("title和content数量不匹配！");
        }

        // 创建一个新的空白docx文档
        XWPFDocument document = new XWPFDocument();

        addCustomHeadingStyle(document, "heading 1", 1);

        for(int i = 0; i < titleList.size(); i++){
            /* -------------创建一个标题 ---------------*/
            XWPFParagraph titleParagraph = document.createParagraph();
            titleParagraph.setStyle("heading 1");
            XWPFRun titleRun = titleParagraph.createRun();
            titleRun.setText(titleList.get(i));
            titleRun.setBold(true);
            titleRun.setFontSize(20);

            // 获取段落的CTPPr对象
            CTPPr pPr = titleParagraph.getCTP().getPPr();

            // 如果pPr为null，说明还没有属性，需要创建
            if (pPr == null) {
                pPr = titleParagraph.getCTP().addNewPPr();
            }

            // 设置文本居中对齐
            CTJc jc = pPr.isSetJc() ? pPr.getJc() : pPr.addNewJc();
            jc.setVal(STJc.CENTER); // 居中对齐

            /* -------------创建一个段落 ---------------*/
            XWPFParagraph paragraph = document.createParagraph();
            XWPFRun run = paragraph.createRun();
            run.setText(contentList.get(i));

        }

        // 写入数据到文档
        FileOutputStream out = null;
        try {
            out = new FileOutputStream(new File(filePath));
            document.write(out);
            out.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> titleList = Arrays.asList("洗车标题2", "保养标题2");
        List<String> contentList = Arrays.asList("洗车的操作事项：\n1)好好洗；2)洗干净", "保养的操作事项：\n1)好好保养；2)保养干净");
        DocxUtil.generateDocxFile(titleList, contentList, "D:\\temp\\example3.docx");
    }
}

效果如下，标题的属性确实是"标题1"。