1.pojo类数据接口
在实际生产环境中,我们一般会将数据封装成一个pojo类(或者其他rpc框架通过IDL生成一个java类),这样能方便我们后续的数据传输与解析。该pojo类就相当于标准数据接口,可以在任何地方被引用或者使用。下面我们来看看,怎么通过kafka的producer来生产这些pojo类数据,又怎么通过flink或者kafka的consumer来消费这些数据。
2.kafka producer生产数据
2.1 定义pojo类
首先,我们定义一个pojo类
public class User {
public String name;
public int age;
public User() {}
public User(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "user{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
"}";
}
}
我们定义了一个User类,该类有两个字段name与age。需要注意的是,该类必须要包含有默认的构造函数,否则后续代码使用过程中会出现问题,具体可以参考如下链接
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7625783/jsonmappingexception-no-suitable-constructor-found-for-type-simple-type-class
2.2 定义序列化类
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.Serializer;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* author: wanglei
* create: 2022-09-26
*/
public class UserSerializer implements Serializer<User> {
@Override
public void configure(Map configs, boolean isKey) {
}
@Override
public byte[] serialize(String topic, User user) {
if (user == null) return null;
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
try {
return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(user).getBytes();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
}
上面类的作用,是将User对象序列化的过程,方便后面的数据传输。上面使用了ObjectMapper类进行序列化,需要引入如下依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.13</version>
</dependency>
2.3 实现producer
import edu.bit.leilei.serialize.User;
import edu.bit.leilei.serialize.UserSerializer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.KafkaProducer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* author: wanglei
* create: 2022-09-26
*/
public class PojoProducer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
properties.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class.getName());
properties.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, UserSerializer.class.getName());
KafkaProducer<String, User> producer = new KafkaProducer<String, User>(properties);
String topic = "pojotest";
for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {
User user = new User("my name-" + i, i);
ProducerRecord<String, User> record = new ProducerRecord<String, User>(topic, "key-"+i, user);
producer.send(record);
}
producer.close();
}
}
上面的代码,生成了5个User对象。将代码先运行2次,总共生成了10个user对象。再将里面的一行稍作修改
User user = new User("my name-" + i, i*10);
再运行一次,这样topic里面总共就有了15个对象。
3.kafka consumer消费数据
3.1 编写反序列化类
consumer要消费数据,首先需要做的是对数据进行反序列化。我们先来编写反序列化类代码
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.Deserializer;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* author: wanglei
* create: 2022-09-26
*/
public class UserDeserializer implements Deserializer<User> {
@Override
public void configure(Map<String, ?> configs, boolean isKey) {
}
@Override
public User deserialize(String topic, byte[] data) {
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
try {
return objectMapper.readValue(data, User.class);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
public void close() {
}
}
上面同样用到的是ObjectMapper对byte[]数据进行反序列化。
3.2 kafka consumer代码
import edu.bit.leilei.serialize.User;
import edu.bit.leilei.serialize.UserDeserializer;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecords;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* author: wanglei
* create: 2022-09-26
*/
public class PojoConsumer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String topic = "pojotest";
String groupId = "group_leilei";
Properties props = new Properties();
props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class.getName());
props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, UserDeserializer.class.getName());
props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, groupId);
props.put("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
props.put("session.timeout.ms", "30000");
props.put("enable.auto.commit", "true");//设置为自动提交
props.put("auto.offset.reset", "earliest");
KafkaConsumer<String, User> consumer = new KafkaConsumer<String, User>(props);
consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(topic));
while(true) {
ConsumerRecords<String, User> records = consumer.poll(1L);
for(ConsumerRecord record : records) {
System.out.printf("patition = %d , offset = %d, key = %s, value = %s%n",
record.partition(), record.offset(), record.key(), record.value());
}
}
}
}
上面的代码中,指定了反序列化类为UserDeserializer,并且从topic的最早位置开始进行消费。
最后输出的结果为
patition = 0 , offset = 0, key = key-0, value = user{name='my name-0', age=0}
patition = 0 , offset = 1, key = key-1, value = user{name='my name-1', age=1}
patition = 0 , offset = 2, key = key-2, value = user{name='my name-2', age=2}
patition = 0 , offset = 3, key = key-3, value = user{name='my name-3', age=3}
patition = 0 , offset = 4, key = key-4, value = user{name='my name-4', age=4}
patition = 0 , offset = 5, key = key-0, value = user{name='my name-0', age=0}
patition = 0 , offset = 6, key = key-1, value = user{name='my name-1', age=1}
patition = 0 , offset = 7, key = key-2, value = user{name='my name-2', age=2}
patition = 0 , offset = 8, key = key-3, value = user{name='my name-3', age=3}
patition = 0 , offset = 9, key = key-4, value = user{name='my name-4', age=4}
patition = 0 , offset = 10, key = key-0, value = user{name='my name-0', age=0}
patition = 0 , offset = 11, key = key-1, value = user{name='my name-1', age=10}
patition = 0 , offset = 12, key = key-2, value = user{name='my name-2', age=20}
patition = 0 , offset = 13, key = key-3, value = user{name='my name-3', age=30}
patition = 0 , offset = 14, key = key-4, value = user{name='my name-4', age=40}
4.flink消费pojo类型数据
我们尝试使用flink来消费pojo类的数据。
4.1 反序列化类
同样的,首先也需要编写flink中反序列化的schema类。
import org.apache.flink.api.common.serialization.DeserializationSchema;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeInformation;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* author: wanglei
* create: 2022-09-27
*/
public class UserFlinkDeserializer implements DeserializationSchema<User> {
@Override
public User deserialize(byte[] message) throws IOException {
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
try {
return objectMapper.readValue(message, User.class);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean isEndOfStream(User nextElement) {
return false;
}
@Override
public TypeInformation<User> getProducedType() {
return TypeInformation.of(User.class);
}
}
2.编写flink相关代码
import edu.bit.leilei.serialize.User;
import edu.bit.leilei.serialize.UserFlinkDeserializer;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaConsumer09;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* author: wanglei
* create: 2022-09-27
*/
public class StreamPojo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
env.setParallelism(1);
String topic = "pojotest";
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("bootstrap.servers", "localhost:9092");
properties.put("group.id", topic);
FlinkKafkaConsumer09<User> myConsumer = new FlinkKafkaConsumer09<User>(topic, new UserFlinkDeserializer(), properties);
myConsumer.setStartFromEarliest();
DataStream<User> stream = env.addSource(myConsumer);
stream.print();
env.execute();
}
}
代码运行以后得到的输出结果为
user{name='my name-0', age=0}
user{name='my name-1', age=1}
user{name='my name-2', age=2}
user{name='my name-3', age=3}
user{name='my name-4', age=4}
user{name='my name-0', age=0}
user{name='my name-1', age=1}
user{name='my name-2', age=2}
user{name='my name-3', age=3}
user{name='my name-4', age=4}
user{name='my name-0', age=0}
user{name='my name-1', age=10}
user{name='my name-2', age=20}
user{name='my name-3', age=30}
user{name='my name-4', age=40}