第9章 类

1.创建和使用类

1.1 创建类

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name="animal"):
        self.name = name

    def eat(self):
        print(self.name + " eat")

• init()：构造方法，需要手动创建

1.2 根据类创建实例

animal = Animal("ABC")

1.2.1 访问属性

print(animal.name)

1.2.2 调用方法

animal.eat()

2. 继承

2.1 子类的方法__ init __()

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def Eat(self):
        print(self.name + ": eat")


class Cat(Animal):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def Age(self):
        print("age: " + str(self.age))

• 因无法自动创建构造方法，所以子类的构造方法中父类构造方法的引用也需手动重写

2.2 重写父类的方法

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def Eat(self):
        print(self.name + ": eat")


class Cat(Animal):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def Eat(self):
        print(self.name + ": eating")

3. 导入类

3.1 导入单个类

• Animal.py

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def Eat(self):
        print(self.name + ": eat")

• Main.py

from animal import Animal

animal = Animal("ABC")

animal.Eat()

3.2 导入多个类

• Animal.py

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def Eat(self):
        print(self.name + ": eat")


class Cat(Animal):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def Eat(self):
        print(self.name + ": eating")

• Main.py

from Animal import Animal, Cat

animal = Animal("ABC")
animal.Eat()

cat = Cat("abc", 1)
cat.Eat()

3.3 导入整个模块

• Animal.py

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def Eat(self):
        print(self.name + ": eat")


class Cat(Animal):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        super().__init__(name)
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def Eat(self):
        print(self.name + ": eating")

• Main.py

import Animal

animal = Animal.Animal("ABC")
animal.Eat()

cat = Animal.Cat("abc", 1)
cat.Eat()

3.4 使用别名

from Animal import Cat as C

cat = C("abc", 1)
cat.Eat()