hdu 5543 Pick The Sticks（01背包）

Pick The Sticks

Problem Description
The story happened long long ago. One day, Cao Cao made a special order called “Chicken Rib” to his army. No one got his point and all became very panic. However, Cao Cao himself felt very proud of his interesting idea and enjoyed it.

Xiu Yang, one of the cleverest counselors of Cao Cao, understood the command Rather than keep it to himself, he told the point to the whole army. Cao Cao got very angry at his cleverness and would like to punish Xiu Yang. But how can you punish someone because he’s clever? By looking at the chicken rib, he finally got a new idea to punish Xiu Yang.

He told Xiu Yang that as his reward of encrypting the special order, he could take as many gold sticks as possible from his desk. But he could only use one stick as the container.

Formally, we can treat the container stick as an L length segment. And the gold sticks as segments too. There were many gold sticks with different length ai and value vi. Xiu Yang needed to put these gold segments onto the container segment. No gold segment was allowed to be overlapped. Luckily, Xiu Yang came up with a good idea. On the two sides of the container, he could make part of the gold sticks outside the container as long as the center of the gravity of each gold stick was still within the container. This could help him get more valuable gold sticks.

As a result, Xiu Yang took too many gold sticks which made Cao Cao much more angry. Cao Cao killed Xiu Yang before he made himself home. So no one knows how many gold sticks Xiu Yang made it in the container.

Can you help solve the mystery by finding out what’s the maximum value of the gold sticks Xiu Yang could have taken?

Input
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases, T(1≤T≤100). T test cases follow. Each test case start with two integers, N(1≤N≤1000) and L(1≤L≤2000), represents the number of gold sticks and the length of the container stick. N lines follow. Each line consist of two integers, ai(1≤ai≤2000) and vi(1≤vi≤109), represents the length and the value of the ith gold stick.

Output
For each test case, output one line containing Case #x: y, where x is the test case number (starting from 1) and y is the maximum value of the gold sticks Xiu Yang could have taken.

Sample Input
4

3 7
4 1
2 1
8 1

3 7
4 2
2 1
8 4

3 5
4 1
2 2
8 9

1 1
10 3

Sample Output
Case #1: 2
Case #2: 6
Case #3: 11
Case #4: 3
Hint

In the third case, assume the container is lay on x-axis from 0 to 5. Xiu Yang could put the second gold stick center at 0 and put the third gold stick center at 5,
so none of them will drop and he can get total 2+9=11 value.

In the fourth case, Xiu Yang could just put the only gold stick center on any position of [0,1], and he can get the value of 3.

思路：在正常的01背包基础上再加一维即可，dp[i][j][k]表示前i个物品中放入长度为j的容器中有k个物品在边缘的最大价值

代码：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

#define maxn 2010
typedef __int64 LL;
pair<LL,LL>q[maxn];
LL dp[maxn<<1][3];

int main()
{
    LL t,n,L,Icase=0;
    scanf("%lld",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp));
        scanf("%lld%lld",&n,&L);
        L<<=1;
        LL ans=0;
        for(LL i=0; i<n; ++i)
        {
            scanf("%lld%lld",&q[i].first,&q[i].second);
            q[i].first<<=1;
            if(q[i].second>ans)
                ans=q[i].second;
        }
        for(LL i=0; i<n; ++i)
            for(LL j=L; j>=q[i].first/2; --j)
                for(LL k=0; k<3; ++k)
                {
                    if(j>=q[i].first)
                        dp[j][k]=max(dp[j][k],dp[j-q[i].first][k]+q[i].second);
                    if(k>0)
                        dp[j][k]=max(dp[j][k],dp[j-q[i].first/2][k-1]+q[i].second);
                    ans=max(ans,dp[j][k]);
                }
        printf("Case #%lld: %lld\n",++Icase,ans);
    }
    return 0;
}

总结：做这道题时只知道是这01背包，其他的一点变形都不会啊。。
好多dp其实都可以通过三维的来解决，可是就是第三维该表示什么，该怎样用这一点有难度。
dp之路，山雨欲来风满楼啊。