2017ccpc全国邀请赛(湖南湘潭) H. Highway （最大生成树）（树的直径）

Highway

In ICPCCamp there were n towns conveniently numbered with 1,2,…,n connected with (n−1) roads. The i-th road connecting towns ai and bi has length ci. It is guaranteed that any two cities reach each other using only roads.

Bobo would like to build (n−1) highways so that any two towns reach each using only highways. Building a highway between towns x and y costs him δ(x,y) cents, where δ(x,y) is the length of the shortest path between towns x and y using roads.

As Bobo is rich, he would like to find the most expensive way to build the (n−1) highways.

Input

The input contains zero or more test cases and is terminated by end-of-file. For each test case:

The first line contains an integer n. The i-th of the following (n−1) lines contains three integers ai, bi and ci.

1≤n≤105
1≤ai,bi≤n
1≤ci≤108
The number of test cases does not exceed 10.
Output

For each test case, output an integer which denotes the result.

Sample Input

5
1 2 2
1 3 1
2 4 2
3 5 1
5
1 2 2
1 4 1
3 4 1
4 5 2
Sample Output

19
15

官方题解：

首先有一点得知道，关于树的直径
树的直径是指树上权值和最大的路径（最简单路径，即每一个点只经过一次）
存在结论：对于树上的任意一个节点，距离这个节点最远的距离一定是到直径的端点的距离

就是先求出树的最远点对(树的直径的端点)d1,d2，再求出以直径的两个端点为起点的dis[i](起点到i的距离)，首先将直径(d1,d2的距离)加入集合，对于其他点i，加入max(d1到i的距离,d2到i的距离)到集合，集合所构成的树就是题目的答案（具体详见代码）

代码：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

typedef long long LL;
const int maxn=100010;
LL disd1[maxn],disd2[maxn];
int head[maxn];
bool vis[maxn];
struct edge
{
    int to,next;
    LL w;
} E[maxn*2];
int len,n;

void dfs(int st,LL w,LL dis[])
{
    vis[st]=true;
    dis[st]=w;
    for(int i=head[st]; ~i; i=E[i].next)
    {
        if(!vis[E[i].to])
            dfs(E[i].to,w+E[i].w,dis);
    }
}

void add_edge(int u,int v,LL w)//邻接表建边
{
    E[len].to=v;
    E[len].w=w;
    E[len].next=head[u];
    head[u]=len++;
}

int main()
{
    while(~scanf("%d",&n))
    {
        memset(disd1,0,sizeof(disd1));
        memset(disd2,0,sizeof(disd2));
        memset(head,-1,sizeof(head));
        int u,v,w;
        len=0;
        for(int i=1; i<n; ++i)
        {
            scanf("%d%d%d",&u,&v,&w);
            add_edge(u,v,w);
            add_edge(v,u,w);
        }
        memset(vis,false,sizeof(vis));
        dfs(1,0,disd1);//求出树的直径
        int d1,d2;
        LL maxx=0;
        for(int i=1; i<=n; ++i)//寻找树的直径的第一个端点
            if(disd1[i]>maxx)
                maxx=disd1[i],d1=i;
        memset(vis,false,sizeof(vis));
        dfs(d1,0,disd1);//更新每个点到第一个端点的距离
        maxx=0;
        for(int i=1; i<=n; ++i)//寻找树的直径的第二个端点
            if(disd1[i]>maxx)
                maxx=disd1[i],d2=i;
        memset(vis,false,sizeof(vis));
        dfs(d2,0,disd2);//更新每个点到第二个端点的距离
        LL ans=disd1[d2];
        for(int i=1; i<=n; ++i)//加入边，建树
            if(i!=d1&&i!=d2)
                ans+=max(disd1[i],disd2[i]);
        printf("%I64d\n",ans);
    }
    return 0;
}

参考博客：
爱种树的码农
w571523631