C++虚析构函数

当释放类对象指针时，会调用类析构函数，但如果释放的基类指针是属于其派生类对象的，

这种行为未定义，为了保证派生类的析构函数也被调用，需要将基类析构函数定义为虚。

例子：

//1. 基类使用虚析构函数 （基类为A）

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class C {
public:
    C() {
        cout << "C::C()" << endl;
    }

    ~C() {
        cout << "C::~C()" << endl;
    }
};

class D {
public:
    D() {
        cout << "D::D()" << endl;
    }

    ~D() {
        cout << "D::~D()" << endl;
    }
};

class A {
private:
    C *pc;

public:

    A() {
        cout << "A::A()" << endl;
        pc = new C;
    }

    virtual ~A() {
        cout << "A::~A()" << endl;
        delete pc;
    }
};

class B : public A {
private:
    D *pd;

public:

    B() {
        cout << "B::B()" << endl;
        pd = new D;
    }

    ~B() {
        cout << "B::~B()" << endl;
        delete pd;
    }
};

int main()
{
    B *pb = new B;
    A *pa = pb;

    delete pa;

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

A::A()
C::C()
B::B()
D::D()
B::~B()
D::~D()
A::~A()
C::~C()

没有内存泄露

// 2.  基类使用虚析构函数 （基类为A）

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class C {
public:
    C() {
        cout << "C::C()" << endl;
    }

    ~C() {
        cout << "C::~C()" << endl;
    }
};

class D {
public:
    D() {
        cout << "D::D()" << endl;
    }

    ~D() {
        cout << "D::~D()" << endl;
    }
};

class A {
private:
    C *pc;

public:

    A() {
        cout << "A::A()" << endl;
        pc = new C;
    }

    ~A() {
        cout << "A::~A()" << endl;
        delete pc;
    }
};

class B : public A {
private:
    D *pd;

public:

    B() {
        cout << "B::B()" << endl;
        pd = new D;
    }

    ~B() {
        cout << "B::~B()" << endl;
        delete pd;
    }
};

int main()
{
    B *pb = new B;
    A *pa = pb;

    delete pa;

    return 0;
}

运行结果：

A::A()
C::C()
B::B()
D::D()
A::~A()
C::~C()

存在内存泄露，B::D *pd 没有被释放