学号292
实验来源：https://github.com/mengning/linuxkernel/blob/master/2019.md
**
一.mykernel运行原理
**
1.环境的配置
具体部署步骤请参考：https://github.com/mengning/mykernel
通过命令：
cd LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4
qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
接下来，我们可以打开mymain.c进行分析
可以发现，这个文件不停的输出 my_start_kernel here.
同样的，在myinterrupt.c文件中
这是可以被时钟中断的周期调用的函数my_timer_handler ，在这个函数里，会输出类似>>>>>my_timer_handler here <<<<< 的字符串。
而这两个函数的使用，就是QEMU窗口不断演示的内容。
二.实现时间片轮转程序
为了更加深入的理解，我们替换相应的程序：https://github.com/mengning/mykernel/tree/master/mykernel-1.1
myinterrupt.c
mymain.c
mypcb.h
在目录下进行程序的替换操作。
再次回到 LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4文件夹，使用下面的命令编译、运行
make allnoconfig
make
qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
三.实验代码分析
这里主要分析上面实验中改写的三个文件：
mypcb.h ： 进程控制块PCB结构体定义。
mymain.c： 初始化各个进程并启动0号进程。
myinterrupt.c：时钟中断处理和进程调度算法。
1.mypcb.h
/*
* linux/mykernel/mypcb.h
*
* Kernel internal PCB types
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#define MAX_TASK_NUM 4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE 1024*2
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
unsigned long ip;
unsigned long sp;
};
typedef struct PCB{
int pid;
volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread thread;
unsigned long task_entry;
struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;
void my_schedule(void);
可以得出PCB定义最大进程数为四个。
同时定义了
pid：进程号
state：进程状态；
stack：进程使用的堆栈；
thread：当前正在执行的线程信息
task_entry：进程入口函数
next：指向下一个PCB
2.mymain.c
/*
* linux/mykernel/mymain.c
*
* Kernel internal my_start_kernel
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;
void my_process(void);
void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
int pid = 0;
int i;
/* Initialize process 0*/
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].next = &task[pid];
/*fork more process */
for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
{
memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
task[i].pid = i;
//*(&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1] - 1) = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)(&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1]);
task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
task[i-1].next = &task[i];
}
/* start process 0 by task[0] */
pid = 0;
my_current_task = &task[pid];
asm volatile(
"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
"pushl %1\n\t" /* push ebp */
"pushl %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
"ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
:
: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
);
}
int i = 0;
void my_process(void)
{
while(1)
{
i++;
if(i%10000000 == 0)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
if(my_need_sched == 1)
{
my_need_sched = 0;
my_schedule();
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
}
}
}
my_start_kernel 是系统启动后，最先调用的函数。这个函数fork了4个新进程，并且把新fork的进程加入到链表中。
asm volatile(
"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
"pushl %1\n\t" /* push ebp */
"pushl %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
"ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
:
: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
);
这段my_start_kernel中代码，是正式将初始task的esp赋值给寄存器。并将task的ip赋值给eip寄存器。直接指向void my_process(void)函数
3.myinterupt.c
/*
* linux/mykernel/myinterrupt.c
*
* Kernel internal my_timer_handler
*
* Copyright (C) 2013 Mengning
*
*/
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include "mypcb.h"
extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;
/*
* Called by timer interrupt.
* it runs in the name of current running process,
* so it use kernel stack of current running process
*/
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
my_need_sched = 1;
}
time_count ++ ;
#endif
return;
}
void my_schedule(void)
{
tPCB * next;
tPCB * prev;
if(my_current_task == NULL
|| my_current_task->next == NULL)
{
return;
}
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
/* schedule */
next = my_current_task->next;
prev = my_current_task;
if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
{
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
/* switch to next process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
"1:\t" /* next process start here */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
}
return;
}
通过my_time_handler()函数定时地不断向cpu发出中断，从而实现了时间片轮转。每调用1000次，就去将全局变量my_need_sched的值修改为1，通知正在执行的进程执行调度程序my_schedule。从而在my_schedule函数中完成进程的不断切换。
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
"1:\t" /* next process start here */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
这段代码，是关于进程切换。将前一段代码esp,ip被新一段代码相应取代，实现进程切换
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
"1:\t"
举例来讲：当前进程3，要跳转至进程0时候。ret所跳转的下一条指令是0进程的"1:\t" ，从而从0进程的栈中pop出相应ebp，跳转到void my_process(void)函数的 printk(KERN_NOTICE “this is process %d +\n”,my_current_task->pid);位置，此时将输出
KERN_NOTICE “this is process 0 +”
四、总结
进程在切换过程中
1.需要保存当前的执行上下文环境
2.下次被调度的时候,需要回复进程的上下文环境.
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