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学号后3位:427
基于mykernel的多进程简单内核实验
实验
实验环境
Windows下VMware虚拟机 ubuntu14(32位)系统
实验目的
- 完成一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序内核代码,参考代码见mykernel版本库;
- 分析该精简内核的源代码;
- 理解操作系统是如何工作的;
- 了解进程的启动和进程的切换机制;
实验内容
1.编译内核
使用下列命令编译mykernel内核
sudo apt-get install qemu # install QEMU
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/qemu-system-i386 /usr/bin/qemu
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.9.4.tar.xz # download Linux Kernel 3.9.4 source code
wget https://raw.github.com/mengning/mykernel/master/mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch # download mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
xz -d linux-3.9.4.tar.xz
tar -xvf linux-3.9.4.tar
cd linux-3.9.4
patch -p1 < …/mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch
make allnoconfig
make
qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage #从qemu窗口中您可以看到my_start_kernel在执行,同时my_timer_handler时钟中断处理程序周期性执行。
实验结果如图所示:
查看mykernel代码内容:
其中mymain.c 的主要内容如下:
mymain.c中是一个while循环,每次 i%100000 = 0 时,输出“my_start_kernel here",见上图qemu中。
再查看myinterrupt.c文件:
my_timer_handler被时间中断调用输出">>>>>>>>>>>>>>my_timer_handler here<<<<<<<<<<<<",见上图qemu。
内核启动后,系统调用my_start_kernel函数,并通过时钟中断周期调用my_timer_handler函数。
2.修改mykernel源码
实验源码参考https://github.com/mengning/mykernel,感谢孟老师的帮助。
修改了mymain.c和myinterrupt.c文件,并添加mypcb.h文件定义相关结构体。
- mypcb.h 部分代码
struct Thread {
unsigned long ip;//point to cpu run address
unsigned long sp;//point to the thread stack's top address
//todo add other attrubte of system thread
};
定义了线程ip,sp用于保存现场。
//PCB Struct
typedef struct PCB{
int pid; // pcb id
volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
char stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];// each pcb stack size is 1024*8
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread thread;
unsigned long task_entry;//the task execute entry memory address
struct PCB *next;//pcb is a circular linked list
unsigned long priority;// task priority
//todo add other attrubte of process control block
}tPCB;
定义PCB进程控制块,进程状态信息(-1表示不能运行),进程堆栈大小,进程入口地址,下一个进程控制块的程序入口,形成进程的可循环链表。增加了进程优先级。
- myinterrupt.c 部分代码
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
// make sure need schedule after system circle 2000 times.
if(time_count%2000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
{
my_need_sched = 1;
//time_count=0;
}
time_count ++ ;
#endif
return;
}
时间中断程序,模拟时间片轮转。
void my_schedule(void)
{
tPCB * next;
tPCB * prev;
// if there no task running or only a task ,it shouldn't need schedule
if(my_current_task == NULL
|| my_current_task->next == NULL)
{
printk(KERN_NOTICE " time out!!!,but no more than 2 task,need not schedule\n");
return;
}
/* schedule */
next = get_next();
prev = my_current_task;
printk(KERN_NOTICE " the next task is %d priority is %u\n",next->pid,next->priority);
if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
{//save current scene
/* switch to next process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
"1:\t" /* next process start here */
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
my_current_task = next;//switch to the next task
printk(KERN_NOTICE " switch from %d process to %d process\n >>>process %d running!!!<<<\n\n",prev->pid,next->pid,next->pid);
}
else
{
next->state = 0;
my_current_task = next;
printk(KERN_NOTICE " switch from %d process to %d process\n >>>process %d running!!!<<<\n\n\n",prev->pid,next->pid,next->pid);
/* switch to new process */
asm volatile(
"pushl %%ebp\n\t" /* save ebp */ 进程切换的堆栈操作
"movl %%esp,%0\n\t" /* save esp */
"movl %2,%%esp\n\t" /* restore esp */
"movl %2,%%ebp\n\t" /* restore ebp */
"movl $1f,%1\n\t" /* save eip */
"pushl %3\n\t"
"ret\n\t" /* restore eip */
: "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
: "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
);
}
return;
}//end of my_schedule
进程调度函数,完成进程的切换。
主要通过对堆栈和指令寄存器的压栈再出栈,来完成上下文的切换,实现进程调度。
pushl %%ebp 将当前栈顶压栈
movl %%esp,%0 将esp保存至prev->thread.sp
movl %2,%%esp 将next->thread.sp赋值给esp
movl %2,%%ebp 将next->thread.sp赋值给ebp,重新设置栈顶
movl $1f,%1 将当前ip保存至prev->thread.ip
pushl %3 将下一个进程的ip压入栈中
ret 将ip弹出,赋值给eip,使系统跳转至下一个进程执行。
经过上述操作后,当前进程的ebp,esp,eip信息被保存。将下一个进程的ebp,esp和ip信息加载到系统中,跳转到下一个进程执行。完成进程的切换。
- mymian.c 部分代码
void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
int pid = 0;
/* Initialize process 0*/
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
// set task 0 execute entry address to my_process
task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].next = &task[pid];
/*fork more process */
for(pid=1;pid<MAX_TASK_NUM;pid++)
{
memcpy(&task[pid],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
task[pid].pid = pid;
task[pid].state = -1;
task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
task[pid].priority=get_rand(PRIORITY_MAX);//each time all tasks get a random priority
}
task[MAX_TASK_NUM-1].next=&task[0];
printk(KERN_NOTICE "\n\n\n\n\n\n system begin :>>>process 0 running!!!<<<\n\n");
/* start process 0 by task[0] */
pid = 0;
my_current_task = &task[pid];
asm volatile(
"movl %1,%%esp\n\t" /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */将0号进程的sp的值赋值给esp寄存器
"pushl %1\n\t" /* push ebp */将0号进程的sp值压栈
"pushl %0\n\t" /* push task[pid].thread.ip */将0号进程的ip值压栈
"ret\n\t" /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */通过ret指令将eip的值放入eip寄存器中
"popl %%ebp\n\t"
:
: "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp) /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
);
}
内核启动初始函数,启动0号进程
void my_process(void)
{
int i = 0;
while(1)
{
i++;
if(i%10000000 == 0)
{
if(my_need_sched == 1)
{
my_need_sched = 0;
sand_priority();
my_schedule();
}
}
}
}//end of my_process
while循环实现进程的时间片轮转调度。
3. 重新编译内核运行
运行结果如图所示。
实验总结
操作系统主要的任务就是管理和调度进程,要完成这个任务,需要维护每个进程的进程描述和进程间的关系(调度关系)。
内核是操作系统功能的具体实现,主要有两个部分组成。内核线程和中断处理程序(进程调度)。
进程调度:将先前CPU正在运行的进程的进程上下文保存在内核态堆栈中,包括有eip,esp,ebp,cs等寄存器的数据;然后加载创建的进程的上下文信息到相应的寄存器中,运行当前新建进程;运行完毕后根据系统的调度继续执行相应的进程。