Algorithms（十三）Kth Smallest Element in a BST

题目：

230. Kth Smallest Element in a BST

Given a binary search tree, write a function kthSmallest to find the kth smallest element in it.

Note:
You may assume k is always valid, 1 ≤ k ≤ BST's total elements.

Follow up:
What if the BST is modified (insert/delete operations) often and you need to find the kth smallest frequently? How would you optimize the kthSmallest routine?

Credits:
Special thanks to @ts for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

代码：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    int kthSmallest(TreeNode* root, int k) {
        if (root == NULL)  
            return 0;  
        int leftSize = calcTreeSize(root->left);  
        if (k == leftSize+1){  
            return root->val;  
        }else if (leftSize >= k){  
            return kthSmallest(root->left,k);  
        }else{  
            return kthSmallest(root->right, k-leftSize-1);  
        } 
    }
private:
    int calcTreeSize(TreeNode* root){  
        if (root == NULL)  
            return 0;  
        return 1+calcTreeSize(root->left) + calcTreeSize(root->right);          
    }  
};