Spring 框架Bean的自动装配

Spring IOC可以自动装配Bean。

例子

beans-autowire.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="address" class="com.spring.test.autowire.Address" p:city="Suzhou" p:street="ShiLu"></bean>
    <bean id="car" class="com.spring.test.autowire.Car" p:brand="Audi" p:price="200000"></bean>
    <bean id="car1" class="com.spring.test.autowire.Car" p:brand="Fute" p:price="300000"></bean>
    <!-- 可以使用autowire属性指定自动装配的方式，
        byName 根据 bean 的名字和当前 bean 的 setter 风格的属性名进行自动装配，若有匹配，则自动装配，若没有匹配的，则不装配
        byType 根据 bean 的名字和当前 bean 的属性类型进行自动装配，若IOC容器中有一个以上该类型匹配的bean，则抛出异常
        constructor 使用构造方法完成对象注入，其实也是根据构造方法的参数类型进行对象查找，相当于采用byType的方式。
        autodetect 自动选择：如果对象没有无参数的构造方法，那么自动选择constructor的自动装配方式进行构造注入。如果对象含有无参数的构造方法，那么自动选择byType的自动装配方式进行setter注入。                      
        no 不支持自动装配功能
        default 表示默认采用上一级标签的自动装配的取值。如果存在多个配置文件的话，那么每一个配置文件的自动装配方式都是独立的。
     -->
    <bean id="person" class="com.spring.test.autowire.Person" p:name="Kitty" autowire="byName"></bean>
</beans>

Main.java

package com.spring.test.autowire;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {

    @Test
    public void testAutoWire() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-autowire.xml");
        Person person = (Person) context.getBean("person");
        System.out.println(person);
    }
}

Address.java

package com.spring.test.autowire;

public class Address {

    private String city;
    private String street;

    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }
    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }
    public String getStreet() {
        return street;
    }
    public void setStreet(String street) {
        this.street = street;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
    }
}

Car.java

package com.spring.test.autowire;

public class Car {
    private String brand;
    private double price;

    public String getBrand() {
        return brand;
    }
    public void setBrand(String brand) {
        this.brand = brand;
    }
    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + "]";
    }
}

Person.java

package com.spring.test.autowire;

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private Car car;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }
    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
    public Car getCar() {
        return car;
    }
    public void setCar(Car car) {
        this.car = car;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", car=" + car + "]";
    }
}