Spring框架支持七的范围,这里我们只看两种(singleton、prototype),其他见官网
例子
beans-scope.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--
配置bean的作用域:使用scope属性
singleton:默认,容器初始时创建 bean 实例,在整个生命周期内只创建这一个bean,单例的
prototype:每一次请求(将其注入到另一个bean中,或者以程序的方式调用容器的getBean()方法)都会产生一个新的bean实例,相当与一个new的操作,
对于prototype作用域的bean,有一点非常重要,那就是Spring不能对一个prototype bean的整个生命周期负责,
容器在初始化、配置、装饰或者是装配完一个prototype实例后,将它交给客户端,随后就对该prototype实例不闻不问了。
-->
<bean id="car" class="com.spring.test.scope.Car" scope="prototype">
<property name="brand" value="Audi"></property>
<property name="price" value="300000"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
Main.java
package com.spring.test.scope;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
@Test
public void testScope() {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-scope.xml");
Car car = (Car) ctx.getBean("car");
Car car1 = (Car) ctx.getBean("car");
System.out.println(car == car1);// scope是singleton时为true,是prototype时为false
}
}
Car.java
package com.spring.test.scope;
public class Car {
private String brand;
private double price;
public Car() {
// 用于观察car什么时候实例,实例化几个
System.out.println("Car's constructor...");
}
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
}