【The Second day】Python

1列表操作的进阶

1.1列表的切片

# 列表的切片
names = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']


list1 = names[0:3]  # 取前三个

list2 = names[:2]  # 取前两个
print(list1)
print(list2)

list3 = names[-3:]  # 取后三个
list4 = names[2:]  # 取后三个
list5 = names[2:4]
print(list3)
print(list4)
print(list5)

1.2遍历列表

# 遍历列表

# for循环遍历列表
names = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']
for name in names:
    print('hello, ', name)

# for循环遍历切片列表
for name in names[:3]:  # 取前三个遍历
    print('HELLO, ', name)

1.3复制列表

# 复制列表  （可以是直接复制也可以是切片复制）
names = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']
new_list = names
new_list1 = names[:]  # 切片复制
print(new_list1)
names[0] = '张三'
print(new_list)
print(new_list1)

这里可以涉及到深拷贝和浅拷贝的概念区别

2二维列表

# 二维列表
import numpy as np  # 引入numpy函数
ArrayList = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
print(ArrayList[0][2])  # 取第一行第三列的值

# ArrayList2 = [[i for i in range(1, 7)]\
#               for j in range(1,7) ]
# print(ArrayList2)
newArray = np.array(ArrayList)
# newArrayList = ArrayList[0,:]
newArray2 = newArray[0, :]  # 取第一行的所有值
newArray3 = newArray[:, 1]   # 取第二列的所有值
print(newArray2)
print(newArray3)

3元组（Tuple）

Python的6种数据类型:

1. Number（数字)
2. String(字符串)
3. List(列表)
4. Tuple（元组)
5. Set（集合)
6. Dictionary (字典）

3.1元组与列表的区别

元组不可改变，不支持赋值

# 元组
names = ('1', '2', '3', '4', '5')
print(names[-1])  # 访问元组的最后一个值
print(names[0:3])  # 访问元组的第一个到第三个值

# 元组的遍历
for name in names:
    print('hello, ', name)

for index in range(len(names)):
    print('你好， ',names[index])

4if语句

   

# if语句
grade = 85
if grade == 90:
    print('his grade is 90.')
if grade != 90:
    print("his grade isn't 90.")

if True:
    print('yes')
# 判断
if grade > 90:
    print('his grade is more than 90.')
elif grade > 80 and grade <= 90:
    print('His grade is 80~90')
else:
    print("his grade is less than 90.")

list = [10, 45, 67, 90]
if 30 in list:
    print('yes')
else:
    print('no')

5文件读取

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  #  导入画图函数
with open('notebook.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:  # 读取文件，“utf-8”是中文格式
    # contents = file.read()
    # print(contents)
    # for line in file:
    #     print('line:', line)  # 逐行输出
    contents = file.readlines()
    print(contents)
newList = []
for content in contents:
    newContent = content.replace('\n', '')
    money = newContent.split('：')[-1]  # 取最后一个值
    newList.append(int(money))  # 将字符串转换为数字，且是整型，若是浮点型此处为float
print(newList)
# 画图
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
y = newList
plot = plt.plot(x, y, 'r')
plt.xlabel('month')
plt.ylabel('money')
plt.savefig('销售额.png')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
#  求平均值
# 方法一
sum0 = 0
for money in newList:
    sum0 += money
average = sum0/len(newList)
print('average:', average)
#  方法二
average2 = sum(newList)/len(newList)
print('avergae2:', average2)

 

 

 6写入文件

 

 

 

fileName = 'note.txt'
with open(fileName, 'w+') as file:
    file.write('11'+'\n')  # 换行
    file.write('22')
    file.seek(0)  # 调用seek指向开头
    contents = file.read()
    print(contents)

7函数

# 求最大值
def maxNum(list):
    maxNumber = 0
    for num in list:
        if num > maxNumber:
            maxNumber = num
    return maxNumber
age = [22, 20, 19 ,18]
maxAge = maxNum(age)
print(maxAge)

8类

class Dog():
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def sit(self):
        print(self.name.tittle() + " is now sitting.")

    def eat(self, food):
        print(self.name.tittle() + " is now eatting." + food)

#  调用类
dog = Dog('Hua', 2)  #  实例化
dog.eat('apple')

9类的继承

 10字典

# 创建字典
zhangsan = {'name': '张三', 'grade': '高二', 'class': '二班',
            'chinese': 99, 'math': 102, 'english': 110,
            'hobby': 'basketball'}




# zhangsan = {}  #  字典的初始化
# wangwu = dict()

chinese = [100,120,90,98]
print('第二个人的成绩', chinese[1])

print(zhangsan['chinese']) #  读取字典的值

zhangsan['rank_history'] = [10,20,15,20]  # 添加列表
zhangsan['rank'] = 20  #  添加字典的值
zhangsan['chinese_detail'] = {'选择':20, '作文':45,
                              '阅读':20, '其他':14} #添加字典
zhangsan['rank'] = 19  #  字典的修改
del zhangsan['hobby']  #  删除字典的值
print(zhangsan)

#  列表的遍历
for ch in chinese:
    print(ch)
#  字典的遍历
for item in sorted(zhangsan):  # 按照顺序遍历
    print('key:', item)
    print('value', zhangsan[item])

print(zhangsan)
print('张三的所有key', zhangsan.keys())  #  遍历的得到所有keys
print('张三的所有value', zhangsan.values()) #  遍历得到所有的values