图像处理：直方图均衡化

下面是一个例子

这样就可以直观的看到直方图的变换了，可以理解为一个非线性的分段的平移拉伸 

/*
* 画数组直方图，画在一个Mat上
*/
void show_lzb(int arr[], int size, string title)
{
    Mat drawImage = Mat::zeros(Size(256, 256), CV_8UC3);

    int _max = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        if (arr[i] > _max)
        {
            _max = arr[i];//找到数组中的最大值，后面需要归一化
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
    {
        int current_value = (int)(double(arr[i]) / double(_max) * 256);//每次都要将数组的值根据最大值归一化到0-255之间
        line(drawImage, Point(i, drawImage.rows - 1), Point(i, drawImage.rows - 1 - current_value), Scalar(255, 0, 255));
    }
    imshow(title, drawImage);
}

void show_lzb(double arr[], int size, string title)
{
    Mat drawImage = Mat::zeros(Size(256, 256), CV_8UC3);

    double _max = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        if (arr[i] > _max)
        {
            _max = arr[i];//找到数组中的最大值，后面需要归一化
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
    {
        int current_value = (int)(double(arr[i]) / double(_max) * 256);//每次都要将数组的值根据最大值归一化到0-255之间
        line(drawImage, Point(i, drawImage.rows - 1), Point(i, drawImage.rows - 1 - current_value), Scalar(255, 0, 255));
    }
    imshow(title, drawImage);
}

/*
* 均衡化JHH
*/
void JHH(Mat& img)
{
    Mat dst = img.clone();
    int row = img.rows;
    int col = img.cols;
    int N = row * col;
    //计算直方图
    int arr_1[256] = { 0 };
    for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
        {
            uchar value = img.at<uchar>(i, j);
            arr_1[value]++;
        }
    }
    show_lzb(arr_1, 256, "arr_1");
    //计算概率
    double arr_2[256] = { 0 };
    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
    {
        arr_2[i] = (double)arr_1[i] / N;
    }
    show_lzb(arr_2, 256, "arr_2");
    //计算概率密度
    double arr_3[256] = { 0 };
    arr_3[0] = arr_2[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < 256; i++)
    {
        arr_3[i] = arr_3[i - 1] + arr_2[i];
    }
    show_lzb(arr_3, 256, "arr_3");
    //概率密度归一化到255
    int arr_4[256] = { 0 };
    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
    {
        arr_4[i] = (int)(arr_3[i] * 255);
    }
    show_lzb(arr_4, 256, "arr_4");
    //灰度变换
    for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
        {
            uchar value = dst.at<uchar>(i, j);
            dst.at<uchar>(i, j) = arr_4[value];
        }
    }
    imshow("dst", dst);
}

int main()
{
    Mat src = imread("123.jpg", 0);
    imshow("src", src);
    JHH(src);
    waitKey(0);
}