C++:抽象类

例子：有一个老师类，有一个语文课的类

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Chinese
{
public:
	void Begin()
	{
		cout << "Let's begin Chinese lesson..." << endl;
	}
};

class Teacher
{
public:
	void StartLesson(Chinese* lesson)
	{
		lesson->Begin();
	}
};

int main()
{
	Chinese chinese;
	Teacher teacher;
	teacher.StartLesson(&chinese);
	return 0;
}

将语文课的实例作为参数传给老师类的StartLesson方法 ，老师开始上语文课。

老师还可能上英语课（这个学校就一个全能老师），这个时候就需要再添加一个英语课的类。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Chinese		
{
public:
	void Begin()
	{
		cout << "Let's begin Chinese lesson..." << endl;
	}
};

class English											//++			
{														//++
public:													//++
	void Begin()										//++
	{													//++
		cout << "Let's begin English lesson..." << endl;//++
	}													//++
};

class Teacher
{
public:
	void StartLessonChinese(Chinese* lesson)			 //+-
	{													 //+-
		lesson->Begin();								 //+-
	}													 //+-
	void StartLessonEnglish(English* lesson)			 //++
	{													 //++
		lesson->Begin();								 //++
	}													 //++
};

int main()
{
	Chinese chinese;
	English english;
	Teacher teacher;
	teacher.StartLessonChinese(&chinese);
	teacher.StartLessonEnglish(&english);
	return 0;
}

显然，当课程变多后，这样不是个好办法。怎么办呢，可以增加一个抽象层，老师类只依赖课程这个抽象层，不再是具体的哪门课，这样，当课程增加时，老师类不需要修改，只需在课程抽象层的底层，也就是具体课程里面添加一个类

 

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//基类
class Lesson
{
public:
	virtual void Begin() = 0;
};

//派生类
class Chinese : public Lesson		
{
public:
	void Begin()
	{
		cout << "Let's begin Chinese lesson..." << endl;
	}
};
//派生类
class English : public Lesson									
{														
public:													
	void Begin()										
	{													
		cout << "Let's begin English lesson..." << endl;
	}													
};

class Teacher
{
public:
	void StartLesson(Lesson* lesson)
	{										
		lesson->Begin();					
	}										
};

int main()
{
	Chinese chinese;
	English english;
	Teacher teacher;
	teacher.StartLesson(&chinese);
	teacher.StartLesson(&english);
	return 0;
}

这样一来，以后再增加新的课程时，只需要

class Math :public Lesson
{
public:
	void Begin()
	{
		cout << "Let's begin Math lesson..." << endl;
	}
};

 

然后再实际使用的时候，可以生成为DLL，将其接口放到头文件中，只暴露接口

BaseClass.h

#pragma once
#ifndef LOADMYDLL
#define MY_HEAD_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define MY_HEAD_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif

//基类
class MY_HEAD_API Lesson
{
public:
	virtual void Begin() = 0;
};

//派生类
class MY_HEAD_API Chinese : public Lesson
{
public:
	void Begin();
};
//派生类
class MY_HEAD_API English : public Lesson
{
public:
	void Begin();
};

class MY_HEAD_API Math :public Lesson
{
public:
	void Begin();
};

class MY_HEAD_API Teacher
{
public:
	void StartLesson(Lesson* lesson);
};

 BaseClass.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "BaseClass.h"

void Chinese::Begin()
{
	cout << "Let's begin Chinese lesson..." << endl;
}
void English::Begin()
{
	cout << "Let's begin English lesson..." << endl;
}
void Math::Begin()
{
	cout << "Let's begin Math lesson..." << endl;
}

void Teacher::StartLesson(Lesson* lesson)
{
	lesson->Begin();
}

另外一个项目中测试：将.lib文件放到项目源文件所在路径，.dll放到生成路径下

【当然也可以在测试项目中将dll和lib添加到属性中】

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "BaseClass.h"
#pragma comment(lib, "MyDll0813.lib")  
int main()
{
	Chinese chinese;
	English english;
	Math math;
	Teacher teacher;
	teacher.StartLesson(&chinese);
	teacher.StartLesson(&english);
	teacher.StartLesson(&math);
	return 0;
}