C++设计模式之装饰者模式（八）

简介

  装饰者模式（decorator pattern）是在不改变原来类的成员变量和成员函数，以及其使用的继承关系的情况下，动态的扩展一个对象的功能。也是通过构建个一个包装类，来装饰指定的类，从而实现新的功能。

• Component： 定义一个抽象接口。
• ConcreteComponent： 定义一个具体的接口，继承于Component抽象接口。
• Decorator： 拥有一个抽象接口（Component）对象的实例，并实现一个和抽象接口一致的接口。
• ConcreteDecoratorA/B： 为持有的实例，增加新的功能。

代码

// decorator_pattern.h
class Component {
public:
    virtual void Operation() = 0;
}; // Component

class ConcreteComponent: public Component{
public:
    void Operation() override;
}; // ConcreateComponent

class Decorator: public Component{
public:
    virtual ~Decorator() = default;
    void Operation() override;
    void setComponent(std::shared_ptr<Component>& component);

protected:
    std::shared_ptr<Component> component_;
}; // Decorator

class ConcreteDecoratorA: public Decorator{
public:
    ConcreteDecoratorA(std::string name);
    std::string get_name();

private:
    std::string name_;

}; // ConcreateDecorator

class ConcreteDecoratorB: public Decorator{
public:
    void add_behavior();

}; // ConcreateDecorator

// decorator_pattern.cpp
void ConcreteComponent::Operation() {
    std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
}

void Decorator::Operation() {
    this->component_->Operation();
}

void Decorator::setComponent(std::shared_ptr<patterns::Component> &component) {
    this->component_ = component;
}

ConcreteDecoratorA::ConcreteDecoratorA(std::string name) {
    this->name_ = name;
}

std::string ConcreteDecoratorA::get_name() {
    return this->name_;
}

void ConcreteDecoratorB::add_behavior() {
    std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
}


int main(){
    std::shared_ptr<Component> component = std::make_shared<ConcreteComponent>();

    std::shared_ptr<ConcreteDecoratorA> decorator_a = std::make_shared<ConcreteDecoratorA>("aiden");
    decorator_a->setComponent(component);
    decorator_a->Operation();
    std::cout << decorator_a->get_name() << std::endl;

    std::cout << "--------------------------------------------------" << std::endl;

    std::shared_ptr<ConcreteDecoratorB> decorator = std::make_shared<ConcreteDecoratorB>();
    decorator->setComponent(component);
    decorator->Operation();
    decorator->add_behavior();
	return 0;
}

// output
// virtual void patterns::ConcreteComponent::Operation()
// aiden
// --------------------------------------------------
// virtual void patterns::ConcreteComponent::Operation()
// void patterns::ConcreteDecoratorB::add_behavior()