EventBus 使用及源码分析

以下分析都是基于EventBus 3.x

一、简介

EventBus,Android和Java的发布/订阅事件总线,用于简化组件之间的通信方式。
在我们传统的写法中,Activity之间的通信使用Intent,Service跟Activity之间使用广播broadcast,Fragment和Activity之间会相互持有对方的引用,	这类方式的问题在于:通信方式没有实现解耦,一旦我们的组件发生
了变化,对应的通信方式就需要跟着修改,因此为了较大限度地解耦,可以考虑使用EventBus,他在一定程度上,可以代替Handle、Intent、Brodcast等实现。

在这里插入图片描述

二、使用

1、引入
在build.gradle文件增加以下配置即可:

implementation 'org.greenrobot:eventbus:3.1.1'

2、混淆配置
需要在你的 proguard-rules.pro 混淆配置文件里面增加以下配置,具体的可以看看官方的ProGuard配置规则

-keepattributes *Annotation*
-keepclassmembers class * {
   @org.greenrobot.eventbus.Subscribe <methods>;
}
-keep enum org.greenrobot.eventbus.ThreadMode { *; }

# Only required if you use AsyncExecutor
-keepclassmembers class * extends org.greenrobot.eventbus.util.ThrowableFailureEvent {
   <init>(java.lang.Throwable);
}

3、使用
1)、定义事件类型

public class StringMessageEvent {
    private String msg;
    private String action;

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public String getAction() {
        return action;
    }

    public StringMessageEvent(String msg, String action) {
        this.msg = msg;
        this.action = action;
    }
}

2)、注册

public class EventBusDemoActivity extends BaseActivity {

    private static final String TAG = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1].getClassName();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

3)、发布事件

    @Override
    protected void onItemClick() {
        EventBus.getDefault().post(new StringMessageEvent("发射", "跳转"));
    }

4)、定义监听者

    @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.POSTING)
    public void onMessageEventPostThread(StringMessageEvent event) {
        Log.e( "event PostThread", "消息: " + event + "  thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName()  );
    }

    @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
    public void onMessageEventMainThread(StringMessageEvent event) {
        Log.e( "event MainThread",  "消息: " + event + "  thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }

    @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.BACKGROUND)
    public void onMessageEventBackgroundThread(StringMessageEvent event) {
        Log.e( "event BackgroundThread",  "消息: " + event + "  thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }

    @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.ASYNC)
    public void onMessageEventAsync(StringMessageEvent event) {
        Log.e( "event Async",  "消息: " + event + "  thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }

线程类型
在定义监听处理方法的时候,需要添加Subscribe注解,EventBus才能够识别,并且可以指定执行方法在哪个线程运行,其中的线程类型threadMode一共有四种:
a)、ThreadMode.POSTING:消息在哪个线程发送,就在哪个线程执行;
b)、ThreadMode.MAIN:主线程执行;
c)、ThreadMode.BACKGROUND:BACKGROUND线程执行;
d)、ThreadMode.ASYNC:异步线程执行;

5)、运行结果

com.ccg.watchersdemo E/event MainThread: 消息: 发射  thread: main
com.ccg.watchersdemo E/event PostThread: 消息: 发射  thread: main
com.ccg.watchersdemo E/event Async: 消息: 发射  thread: pool-1-thread-1
com.ccg.watchersdemo E/event BackgroundThread: 消息: 发射  thread: pool-1-thread-2

可以看到,在点击进行消息发送之后,监听者都接收到了相关信息。

源码分析

在使用上就是这么简单。看了上面的栗子之后,我们不禁有这样子的疑问:EventBus在传递消息的过程中,跟我们平常维护一个list注册一个listener来实现监听通知有啥差别;如果是遍历通知的方式,里面有没有啥提高性能的实现?其4种线程执行模型又有什么不同,我们在使用的过程中,又该怎样决定使用哪种模式呢?

注册流程register分析

以上面例子为例,在我们调用EventBus.getDefault().register(this);注册的时候,

    public void register(Object subscriber) {
        Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
        List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
        synchronized (this) {
            for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
                subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
            }
        }
    }

EventBus 会先获取 this 也就是 EventBusDemoActivity 对应的类,调用SubscriberMethodFinder对象的findSubscriberMethods方法:
这个方法返回的是SubscriberMethod的list数组,其实现首先从 METHOD_CACHE (Map,key是监听类对象,如EventBusDemoActivity,value是List,也即是EventBusDemoActivity所有的监听方法) 里面寻找注册者是否曾经注册过,如果有的话,直接从缓存里面获取即可。

    List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
        List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
        if (subscriberMethods != null) {
            return subscriberMethods;
        }
        if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {			//即使生成了索引(默认值:false),也强制使用反射,不配置默认为false
            subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
        } else {
            subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
        }
        if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
            throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
                    + " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
        } else {
            METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
            return subscriberMethods;
        }
    }
	private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
        FindState findState = prepareFindState();
        findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
        while (findState.clazz != null) {
            findState.subscriberInfo = getSubscriberInfo(findState);
            if (findState.subscriberInfo != null) {
                SubscriberMethod[] array = findState.subscriberInfo.getSubscriberMethods();
                for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : array) {
                    if (findState.checkAdd(subscriberMethod.method, subscriberMethod.eventType)) {
                        findState.subscriberMethods.add(subscriberMethod);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
            }
            findState.moveToSuperclass();
        }
        return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
    }

因为ignoreGeneratedIndex 不配置的话,默认为false,所以我们直接看到findUsingInfo的实现。因为FinsState在初始化的时候,其subscriberInfo也为null,所以直接跳到方法findUsingReflectionInSingleClass。

    private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
        Method[] methods;
        try {
            // This is faster than getMethods, especially when subscribers are fat classes like Activities
            methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
        } catch (Throwable th) {
            // Workaround for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see https://github.com/greenrobot/EventBus/issues/149
            methods = findState.clazz.getMethods();
            findState.skipSuperClasses = true;
        }
        for (Method method : methods) {
            int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
            if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
                Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
                if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
                    Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
                    if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
                        Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
                        if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
                            ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
                            findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
                                    subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
                        }
                    }
                } else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
                    String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
                    throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName +
                            "must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length);
                }
            } else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
                String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
                throw new EventBusException(methodName +
                        " is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract");
            }
        }
    }

findUsingReflectionInSingleClass会首先获取EventBusDemoActivity的所有方法,遍历方法列表,看是否有注解定义,如果有的话,通过 method.getParameterTypes() 获取其方法参数,创建一个SubscriberMethod对象,存储监听者的相关信息,放在list列表里面,在遍历完成时,返回过滤到的列表,以EventBusDemoActivity为key,list为value放进METHOD_CACHE 这个map里面。并将遍历完生成的list 返回。在上面的例子中,返回的就是:
在这里插入图片描述

    public void register(Object subscriber) {
        Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
        List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
        synchronized (this) {
            for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
                subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
            }
        }
    }

重新看回register方法,在得到list之后遍历列表,

    private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
        Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
        Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
        if (subscriptions == null) {
            subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
            subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
        } else {
            if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
                throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
                        + eventType);
            }
        }

        int size = subscriptions.size();
        for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
            if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
                subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
                break;
            }
        }

        List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
        if (subscribedEvents == null) {
            subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
            typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
        }
        subscribedEvents.add(eventType);

        if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
            if (eventInheritance) {
                // Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
                // Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
                // thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
                // (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List<Class>).
                Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
                for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
                    Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
                    if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
                        Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
                        checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
                checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
            }
        }
    }

以订阅类型(如string、int、long等,在上面的例子中,就是StringMessageEvent)为key,创建list对象作为value(Subscription里面有两个成员,一个记录监听者EventBusDemoActivity,一个记录监听者里面的监听方法onMessageEventAsync),存进 subscriptionsByEventType 里面,同时会根据优先级subscriberMethod.priority的大小进行排序。然后循环执行,遍历结束之后,以StringMessageEvent为key 对应的value(list),一共就会4条数据。
至此,注册的流程就结束了。

通知流程post分析

post 通知的流程就比较简单了,当我们调用EventBus.getDefault().post(new StringMessageEvent(“发射”, “跳转”)) 执行post操作的时候,根据 post 要发送的对象的类型作为key,在subscriptionsByEventType 找到所有的监听者列表,根据监听者要执行的线程类型不同,放在对应的AsyncPoster、BackgroundPoster、HandlerPoster、subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke队列或者直接执行invoke进行通知(动态代理)。
至此,post的流程就结束了。

小结

整个流程,只要我们理解了EventBus里面的以下几个重要的成员变量即能较好地掌握整个实现。

	//发送类型为key,对应的事件及其父类为value,如上面的例子,key是StringMessageEvent,value是StringMessageEvent和Object(所有对象的父类)。起提高性能作用,不用每次都遍历。
    private static final Map<Class<?>, List<Class<?>>> eventTypesCache = new HashMap<>();
    //key是监听类对象,如EventBusDemoActivity,value是List<SubscriberMethod>,也即是		   EventBusDemoActivity所有的监听方法***
    private final Map<Class<?>, CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>> subscriptionsByEventType;
//key:EventBusDemoActivity  value:对应的监听列表,
    private final Map<Object, List<Class<?>>> typesBySubscriber;
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