Hibernate实战——继承映射之连接子类的映射策略

一 配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<!-- 指定Hibernate配置文件的DTD信息 -->
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
     "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<!-- hibernate-configuration是配置文件的根元素 -->
<hibernate-configuration>
     <session-factory>
           <!-- 指定连接数据库所用的驱动 -->
           <property  name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
           <!-- 指定连接数据库的url，其中hibernate是本应用连接的数据库名 -->
           <property  name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate</property>
           <!-- 指定连接数据库的用户名 -->
           <property name="connection.username">root</property>
           <!-- 指定连接数据库的密码 -->
           <property name="connection.password">32147</property>
           <!-- 指定连接池里最大连接数 -->
           <property  name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">20</property>
           <!-- 指定连接池里最小连接数 -->
           <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">1</property>
           <!-- 指定连接池里连接的超时时长 -->
           <property  name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">5000</property>
           <!-- 指定连接池里最大缓存多少个Statement对象 -->
           <property  name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">100</property>
           <property  name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">3000</property>
           <property  name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">2</property>
           <property  name="hibernate.c3p0.validate">true</property>
           <!-- 指定数据库方言 -->
           <property  name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
           <!-- 根据需要自动创建数据库 -->
           <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
           <!-- 显示Hibernate持久化操作所生成的SQL -->
           <property name="show_sql">true</property>
           <!-- 将SQL脚本进行格式化后再输出 -->
           <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
           <!-- 罗列所有持久化类的类名 -->
           <mapping class="org.crazyit.app.domain.Person"/>
           <mapping class="org.crazyit.app.domain.Customer"/>
           <mapping class="org.crazyit.app.domain.Employee"/>
           <mapping class="org.crazyit.app.domain.Manager"/>
     </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

二 PO

1 Address

package org.crazyit.app.domain;

public class Address
{
     // 定义代表该Address详细信息的成员变量
     private String detail;
     // 定义代表该Address邮编信息的成员变量
     private String zip;
     // 定义代表该Address国家信息的成员变量
     private String country;
     // 无参数的构造器
     public Address()
     {
     }
     // 初始化全部成员变量的构造器
     public Address(String detail , String zip , String  country)
     {
           this.detail = detail;
           this.zip = zip;
           this.country = country;
     }
     // detail的setter和getter方法
     public void setDetail(String detail)
     {
           this.detail = detail;
     }
     public String getDetail()
     {
           return this.detail;
     }
     // zip的setter和getter方法
     public void setZip(String zip)
     {
           this.zip = zip;
     }
     public String getZip()
     {
           return this.zip;
     }
     // country的setter和getter方法
     public void setCountry(String country)
     {
           this.country = country;
     }
     public String getCountry()
     {
           return this.country;
     }
}

2 Person

package org.crazyit.app.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

@Entity
// 指定使用连接子类的映射策略
@Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.JOINED)
@Table(name="person_inf")
public class Person
{
    // 标识属性
    @Id @Column(name="person_id")
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private char gender;
    // 定义该Person实体的组件属性：address
    @Embedded
    @AttributeOverrides({
        @AttributeOverride(name="detail",
        column=@Column(name="address_detail")),
        @AttributeOverride(name="zip",
        column=@Column(name="address_zip")),
        @AttributeOverride(name="country",
        column=@Column(name="address_country"))
    })
    private Address address;
    // 无参数的构造器
    public Person()
    {
    }
    // 初始化全部成员变量的构造器
    public Person(Integer id , String name , char gender)
    {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    // id的setter和getter方法
    public void setId(Integer id)
    {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public Integer getId()
    {
        return this.id;
    }

    // name的setter和getter方法
    public void setName(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getName()
    {
        return this.name;
    }

    // gender的setter和getter方法
    public void setGender(char gender)
    {
        this.gender = gender;
    }
    public char getGender()
    {
        return this.gender;
    }

    // address的setter和getter方法
    public void setAddress(Address address)
    {
        this.address = address;
    }
    public Address getAddress()
    {
        return this.address;
    }
}

3 Employee

package org.crazyit.app.domain;

import java.util.*;

import javax.persistence.*;


// 员工类继承了Person类
@Entity
@Table(name="employee_inf")
public class Employee extends Person
{
    // 定义该员工职位的成员变量
    private String title;
    // 定义该员工工资的成员变量
    private double salary;
    // 定义和该员工保持关联的Customer关联实体
    @OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL
        , mappedBy="employee" , targetEntity=Customer.class)
    private Set<Customer> customers
        = new HashSet<>();
    // 定义和该员工保持关联的Manager关联实体
    @ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL
        ,targetEntity=Manager.class)
    @JoinColumn(name="manager_id", nullable=true)
    private Manager manager;

    // 无参数的构造器
    public Employee()
    {
    }
    // 初始化全部成员变量的构造器
    public Employee(String title , double salary)
    {
        this.title = title;
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    // title的setter和getter方法
    public void setTitle(String title)
    {
        this.title = title;
    }
    public String getTitle()
    {
        return this.title;
    }

    // salary的setter和getter方法
    public void setSalary(double salary)
    {
        this.salary = salary;
    }
    public double getSalary()
    {
        return this.salary;
    }

    // customers的setter和getter方法
    public void setCustomers(Set<Customer> customers)
    {
        this.customers = customers;
    }
    public Set<Customer> getCustomers()
    {
        return this.customers;
    }

    // manager的setter和getter方法
    public void setManager(Manager manager)
    {
        this.manager = manager;
    }
    public Manager getManager()
    {
        return this.manager;
    }
}

4 Customer

package org.crazyit.app.domain;
import javax.persistence.*;

// 顾客类继承了Person类
@Entity
@Table(name="customer_inf")
public class Customer extends Person
{
     // 顾客的评论信息
     private String comments;
     // 定义和该顾客保持关联的Employee关联实体
     @ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL
           ,targetEntity=Employee.class)
     @JoinColumn(name="employee_id", nullable=true)
     private Employee employee;
     // 无参数的构造器
     public Customer()
     {
     }
     // 初始化comments成员变量的构造器
     public Customer(String comments)
     {
           this.comments = comments;
     }
     // comments的setter和getter方法
     public void setComments(String comments)
     {
           this.comments = comments;
     }
     public String getComments()
     {
           return this.comments;
     }
     // employee的setter和getter方法
     public void setEmployee(Employee employee)
     {
           this.employee = employee;
     }
     public Employee getEmployee()
     {
           return this.employee;
     }
}

5 Manager

package org.crazyit.app.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;

import java.util.Set;
import java.util.HashSet;

// 经理类继承员工类
@Entity
@Table(name="manager_inf")
public class  Manager extends Employee
{
    // 定义经理管辖部门的属性
    private String department;
    // 定义和该经理保持关联的Employee关联实体
    @OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL
        , mappedBy="manager" , targetEntity=Employee.class)
    private Set<Employee> employees
        = new HashSet<>();
    // 无参数的构造器
    public Manager()
    {
    }
    // 初始化全部成员变量的构造器
    public Manager(String department)
    {
        this.department = department;
    }

    // department的setter和getter方法
    public void setDepartment(String department)
    {
        this.department = department;
    }
    public String getDepartment()
    {
        return this.department;
    }

    // employees的setter和getter方法
    public void setEmployees(Set<Employee> employees)
    {
        this.employees = employees;
    }
    public Set<Employee> getEmployees()
    {
        return this.employees;
    }
}

三 测试

1 工具类

package lee;

import org.hibernate.*;
import org.hibernate.cfg.*;
import org.hibernate.service.*;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.*;

public class HibernateUtil
{
    public static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    static
    {
        try
        {
            // 使用默认的hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件创建Configuration实例
            Configuration cfg = new Configuration()
                .configure();
            // 以Configuration实例来创建SessionFactory实例
            ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
                .applySettings(cfg.getProperties()).build();
            sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
        }
        catch (Throwable ex)
        {
            System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
        }
    }

    // ThreadLocal可以隔离多个线程的数据共享，因此不再需要对线程同步
    public static final ThreadLocal<Session> session
        = new ThreadLocal<Session>();

    public static Session currentSession()
        throws HibernateException
    {
        Session s = session.get();
        // 如果该线程还没有Session,则创建一个新的Session
        if (s == null)
        {
            s = sessionFactory.openSession();
            // 将获得的Session变量存储在ThreadLocal变量session里
            session.set(s);
        }
        return s;
    }

    public static void closeSession()
        throws HibernateException
    {
        Session s = session.get();
        if (s != null)
            s.close();
        session.set(null);
    }
}

2 测试类

package lee;

import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.Session;

import java.util.*;

import org.crazyit.app.domain.*;


public class PersonManager
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        PersonManager mgr = new PersonManager();
        mgr.createAndStorePerson();
        HibernateUtil.sessionFactory.close();
    }

    private void createAndStorePerson()
    {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        // 创建一个普通员工
        Employee zhu = new Employee();
        // 设置员工的基本属性
        zhu.setName("老朱");
        zhu.setTitle("项目组长");
        zhu.setGender('男');
        zhu.setSalary(4500);
        // 设置员工的组件属性
        zhu.setAddress(new Address("广州","523034","中国"));
        // 创建第二个员工
        Employee zhang = new Employee();
        // 设置该员工的基本属性
        zhang.setName("张美丽");
        zhang.setTitle("项目分析");
        zhang.setGender('女');
        zhang.setSalary(5500);
        // 设置该员工的组件属性
        zhang.setAddress(new Address("广州","523034","中国"));
        // 创建一个经理对象
        Manager grace = new Manager();
        // 设置经理对象的基本属性
        grace.setName("Grace");
        grace.setTitle("项目经理");
        grace.setGender('女');
        grace.setSalary(12000);
        // 设置经理的组件属性
        grace.setAddress(new Address("加州" , "523034" , "美国"));
        // 设置经理的管辖部门属性
        grace.setDepartment("研发部");
        // 设置第二个员工和grace之间的关联关系
        zhang.setManager(grace);
        // 创建一个Customer对象
        Customer he = new Customer();
        // 设置Customer对象的基本属性
        he.setName("小贺");
        he.setGender('男');
        // 设置Customer对象的组件属性
        he.setAddress(new Address("湖南" , "233034" , "中国"));
        he.setComments("喜欢购物");
        // 建立Customer对象和grace对象的关联关系
        he.setEmployee(grace);
        // 创建一个普通Person对象
        Person lee = new Person();
        // 设置Person对象的基本属性
        lee.setName("crazyit.org");
        lee.setGender('男');
        // 设置Person对象的组件属性
        lee.setAddress(new Address("天河" , "434333" , "中国"));
        // 持久化所有实体。
        session.save(lee);
        session.save(grace);
        session.persist(zhu);
        session.persist(zhang);
        session.save(he);
        tx.commit();
        HibernateUtil.closeSession();
    }
}

四 运行

Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        person_inf
        (address_country, address_detail, address_zip, gender,  name)
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        person_inf
        (address_country, address_detail, address_zip, gender,  name)
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        employee_inf
        (manager_id, salary, title, person_id)
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        manager_inf
        (department, person_id)
    values
        (?, ?)
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        person_inf
        (address_country, address_detail, address_zip, gender,  name)
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        employee_inf
        (manager_id, salary, title, person_id)
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        person_inf
        (address_country, address_detail, address_zip, gender,  name)
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        employee_inf
        (manager_id, salary, title, person_id)
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        person_inf
        (address_country, address_detail, address_zip, gender,  name)
    values
        (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        customer_inf
        (comments, employee_id, person_id)
    values
        (?, ?, ?)