运行最简单的Docker容器hello-world

一 实战

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
9a0669468bf7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:cf2f6d004a59f7c18ec89df311cf0f6a1c714ec924eebcbfdd759a669b90e711
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://cloud.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/

二 说明

上面实战启动一个docker容器，并在控制台打印出Hello from Docker的信息。

可以看出上面的命令分为三个部分：

这里就引出了在Docker中两个核心的概念：容器（container）和镜像（image）。

按照官方文档的说法,容器是一个精简到基本版本的Linux操作系统。镜像是加载到一个容器中的软件。

当执行上面的命令时，Docker做了下面的三件事：

1 检查本地是否有名字为"hello-world"的镜像。

2 如果没有就从Docker Hub下载。

3 加载的镜像到Docker容器并运行它。

运行的结果取决于这个镜像是如何构建的，镜像可能会运行单一的，简单的命令，然后退出，就像上面的"hello-world"。