C++各种指针

一 第一个指针例子

1 代码

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int value1 = 5, value2 = 15;
    int *p1, *p2;
    p1 = &value1; // p1 = address of value1
    p2 = &value2; // p2 = address of value2
    *p1 = 10; // value pointed by p1 = 10
    *p2 = *p1; // value pointed by p2 = value pointed by p1
    p1 = p2; // p1 = p2 (value of pointer copied)
    *p1 = 20; // value pointed by p1 = 20
    cout << "value1==" << value1 << "/ value2==" << value2<<endl;
    return 0;
}

2 运行

[root@localhost test]# g++ test.cpp -o test
[root@localhost test]# ./test
value1==10/ value2==20

3 说明

同一程序中一个指针可以被用作不同的数值。

二 更复杂指针例子

1 代码

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int value1 = 5, value2 = 15;
    int *p1, *p2;
    p1 = &value1; // p1 = address of value1
    p2 = &value2; // p2 = address of value2
    *p1 = 10; // value pointed by p1 = 10
    *p2 = *p1; // value pointed by p2 = value pointed by p1
    p1 = p2; // p1 = p2 (value of pointer copied)
    *p1 = 20; // value pointed by p1 = 20
    cout << "value1==" << value1 << "/ value2==" << value2<<endl;
    return 0;
}

2 运行

[root@localhost test]# g++ test.cpp -o test
[root@localhost test]# ./test
value1==10/ value2==20

三 指向数组的指针

1 代码

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int numbers[5];
    int * p;
    p = numbers;
    *p = 10;
    p++;
    *p = 20;
    p = &numbers[2];
    *p = 30;
    p = numbers + 3;
    *p = 40;
    p = numbers;
    *(p + 4) = 50;
    for (int n = 0; n < 5; n++)
        cout << numbers[n] << ", ";
    cout << endl;
    return 0;
}

2 运行

[root@localhost test]# g++ test.cpp -o test
[root@localhost test]# ./test
10, 20, 30, 40, 50,

3 说明

*(p + 4) = 0;

p[4] = 0;

无论p是一个指针还是一个数组名，这两个表达式都是合法的。

四 空指针实例

1 代码

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void increase(void* data, int type) {
    switch (type) {
    case sizeof(char) : (*((char*)data))++; break;
    case sizeof(short): (*((short*)data))++; break;
    case sizeof(long) : (*((long*)data))++; break;
    }
}

int main() {
    char a = 5;
    short b = 9;
    long c = 12;
    increase(&a, sizeof(a));
    increase(&b, sizeof(b));
    increase(&c, sizeof(c));
    cout << (int) a << ", " << b << ", " << c<<endl;
    return 0;
}

2 运行

[root@localhost test]# g++ test.cpp -o test
[root@localhost test]# ./test
6, 10, 13

3 说明

void指针可以指向任意类型的数据，可以是整数、浮点数、甚至是字符串。唯一一个限制是被指向的数值不可以被直接引用（不可以直接对空指针使用星号），因为它的长度是不定的，因此必须使用类型转换操作来把void指针指向一个具体的数据类型。

五 函数指针

1 代码

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int addition(int a, int b) {
    return (a + b);
}

int subtraction(int a, int b) {
    return (a - b);
}
int(*myf)(int, int)  = subtraction;

int operation(int x, int y, int(*functocall)(int, int)) {
    int g;
    g = (*functocall)(x, y);
    return (g);
}

int main() {
    int m, n;
    m = operation(7, 5, addition);
    n = operation(20, m, myf);
    cout << n << endl;
    return 0;
}

2 运行

[root@localhost test]# g++ test.cpp -o test
[root@localhost test]# ./test
8

3 说明

函数指针最大作用是把一个函数作为参数传递给另外一个函数。声明一个函数指针像声明一个函数原型一样，除了函数的名字需要被括在括号内，还需要在前面加星号。