1. 什么是关联(association)
1.1 关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。例如:
class B{
private String name;
private List<A> bs = new arraylist();
}
public class A{
private B b = new B;
public A(){}
}
准备工作
我们先需要把Order.hbm.xml和OrderItem.hbm.xml放进去
来建立实体类
这里我就不说了吧实体类路径改对能够点进去就可以了
然后我们把它放入映射文件中
<mapping resource="com/chenkang/three/entity/Order.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/chenkang/three/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml"/>
接下来我们先来建立实体类的关联关系！
Order：
package com.chenkang.three.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
private List<OrderItem>orderItems = new ArrayList<OrderItem>();
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
}
public Order(Integer orderId, String orderNo) {
super();
this.orderId = orderId;
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public Order() {
super();
}
}
OrderItem：
package com.chenkang.three.entity;
public class OrderItem {
private Integer orderItemId;
private Integer productId;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;
private Order order;
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
public Integer getOrderItemId() {
return orderItemId;
}
public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
}
public Integer getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity
+ ", oid=" + oid + ", order=" + order + "]";
}
public OrderItem(Integer orderItemId, Integer productId, Integer quantity, Integer oid) {
super();
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
this.productId = productId;
this.quantity = quantity;
this.oid = oid;
}
public OrderItem() {
super();
}
}
然后就是在映射文件中进行关联关系的维护：
Order.hbm.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.chenkang.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
</property>
<!-- 需要在映射文件中进行关联关系的维护 这里描述的是一对多的关系 -->
<bag name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<!-- 从表的外键 -->
<key column="oid"></key>
<!-- 查询从表数据，然后形成list集合填充到orderItem-->
<one-to-many class="com.chenkang.three.entity.OrderItem"/>
</bag>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
OrderItem.hbm.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.chenkang.three.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
</property>
<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
</property>
<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid">
</property>
<!-- 需要在映射文件中进行关联关系的维护 这里描述的是多对一的关系 -->
<many-to-one name="order" class="com.chenkang.three.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
接下来我们来测试一下增加：订单与订单项
首先我们用到工具类
DemoDao：
package com.chenkang.three.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.chenkang.three.entity.Order;
import com.chenkang.three.entity.OrderItem;
import com.chenkang.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class DemoDao {
/**
* 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
* 讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return oid;
}
public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
* 1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
// if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
// Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
// }
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
public List<Order> getOrderList() {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
/**
* z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
* @param order
*/
public void delOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
session.delete(oi);
}
session.delete(order2);
// session.delete(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
然后我们就来测试
private DemoDao demodao=new DemoDao();
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order= new Order();
order.setOrderNo("T226");
OrderItem oi = null;
for (int i = 0; i <3; i++) {
oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
oi.setOrder(order);
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
}
demodao.addOrder(order);
这里有一个错误就是上面的oid与下面的oid
<!--Repeated column in mapping for entity: com.chenkang.three.entity.OrderItem column: oid (should be mapped with insert="false" update="false") -->
insert=“false” update="false"我们要把这一串加入到这个里面去
<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
对比一下上面的就知道了！
测试结果：
很显然已经加进去了！
加订单项
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(5);
OrderItem oi = null;
for (int i = 0; i <3; i++) {
oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
oi.setOrder(order);
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
demodao.addOrderItem(oi);
}
测试结果：
懒加载测试
懒加载就是这个里面的lazy
如果是true 的话就代表用到了懒加载，false就代表没有用到。
懒加载：
首先来思考一下
查一张表效率难高还是两张？
答案：一张。
这里hibernate就有一个默认策略：是不查询关联关系对应关联表数据的！！
<bag lazy="false" name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order> orderList = this.demodao.getOrderList();
for (Order order : orderList) {
System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(order.getOrderItems());
}
}
这样就能同时查询到从表的数据！
如果是将懒加载的功能关闭，也就是lazy=false，那么在查询多条数据订单的情况下是非常影响性能的！
所有我们要用另外一种方式：
private Integer initChildren = 1;
//1代表开启懒加载，0代表关闭
在order类中加上属性懒加载！
从而可以用来控制是否懒加载。
就比如这样，在get方法里添加：
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
if(o != null && new Integer(0).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
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