【初中数学竞赛题】已知m,n为正整数，且m^2+n^2=2009,求m+n的值。

已知$m$,$n$为正整数，且$m^2+n^2=2009$,求$m+n$的值。

---

一、使用因式分解加枚举

① 对2009进行短除

$$\begin{gathered} 7\underline{\text{|2009}} \\ 7\underline{\text{|287}} \\ 41 \end{gathered}$$

② 整理

$2009=7^2\times (a^2+b^2)=7^2\times a^2+7^2\times b^2=(7a{)}^2+(7b{)}^2$
则 $m=7a$,$n=7b$,$a^2+b^2=41$

③ 根据题目限定范围为正整数进行枚举

当$a=1$,$b=\pm \sqrt{40}$ (不成立)
当$a=2$,$b=\pm \sqrt{37}$ (不成立)
当$a=3$,$b=\pm \sqrt{32}$ (不成立)
当$a=4$,$b=\pm \sqrt{25}=\pm 5$ (成立)
当$a=5$,$b=\pm \sqrt{16}=\pm 4$ (成立)
当$a=6$,$b=\pm \sqrt{5}$ (不成立)
当$a=7$,$b=\pm \sqrt{-8}$ (不成立)

④ 根据枚举结果和题目限定范围为正整数

当$a=4$,$b=5$ 则 $m=28$,$n=35$ 即 $m+n=28+35=63$
当$a=5$,$b=4$ 则 $m=35$,$n=28$ 即 $m+n=35+28=63$
所以：$m+n=63$

---

二、使用编程进行枚举

public static void Calc()
{
   int max = (int)Math.Ceiling(Math.Sqrt(2009));
   for (int n = 0; n < max; n++)
   {
       for (int m = 0; m < max; m++)
       {
           double v = Math.Pow(n,2) + Math.Pow(m, 2);
           if(v== 2009)
           {
               System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"n+m={n+m}");
           }
       }
   }
}

运行结果

n+m=63
n+m=63

---

三、使用图形观察

圆与第一象限中整数相交的点为答案，将点的$x$与$y$进行相加得到计算结果

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Subject3LightSimulation
{
    public partial class Form3 : Form
    {
        float radius = 0;
        public Form3()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            radius =(float) Math.Sqrt(2009);
        }
        protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnPaint(e);
            using (Brush b = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(192,192,192,192)))
            {
                using (Pen p = new Pen(b))
                {
                    p.DashStyle = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.DashStyle.DashDot;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
                    {
                        e.Graphics.DrawLine(p, new Point(0, i * 10), new Point(1000, i * 10));
                    }

                    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
                    {
                        e.Graphics.DrawLine(p, new Point(i * 10, 0), new Point(i * 10, 1000));
                    }
                }
            }
            using (Brush b = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue))
            {
                using (Pen p = new Pen(b))
                {
                        e.Graphics.DrawLine(p, new Point(0, 500), new Point(1000,500));
                        e.Graphics.DrawLine(p, new Point(500, 0), new Point(500, 1000));
                }
            }

            using (Brush b2 = new SolidBrush(Color.Red))
            {
                using (Pen p2 = new Pen(b2))
                {
                    float x = 500 - radius*10;
                    float y = 500 - radius * 10;
                    float w = 2 * radius * 10;
                    float h = 2 * radius * 10;
                    float s = 0.0f;
                    float e2 = 360;
                    e.Graphics.DrawArc(p2, x,y,w,h,s,e2);
                }
            }

            using (Brush b2 = new SolidBrush(Color.Red))
            {
                using (Pen p2 = new Pen(b2))
                {
                    float x = 500 - 1 * 10;
                    float y = 500 - 1 * 10;
                    float w = 2 * 1 * 10;
                    float h = 2 * 1 * 10;
                    float s = 0.0f;
                    float e2 = 360;
                    e.Graphics.DrawArc(p2, x, y, w, h, s, e2);
                }
            }

            using (Brush b2 = new SolidBrush(Color.Green))
            {
                using (Pen p2 = new Pen(b2))
                {
                    int x = 500 + 28 * 10;
                    int y = 500 - 35 * 10;
                    e.Graphics.DrawLine(p2, new Point(500, 500), new Point(x, y));


                    int x2 = 500 + 35 * 10;
                    int y2 = 500 - 28 * 10;
                    e.Graphics.DrawLine(p2, new Point(500, 500), new Point(x2, y2));
                }

                using (Pen p3 = new Pen(b2))
                {
                    p3.DashStyle = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.DashStyle.DashDot;
                    int x = 500 + 28 * 10;
                    int y = 500 - 35 * 10;
                    e.Graphics.DrawLine(p3, new Point(x, 500), new Point(x, y));
                    e.Graphics.DrawLine(p3, new Point(x, y), new Point(500, y));


                    int x2 = 500 + 35 * 10;
                    int y2 = 500 - 28 * 10;
                    e.Graphics.DrawLine(p3, new Point(x2, 500), new Point(x2, y2));
                    e.Graphics.DrawLine(p3, new Point(x2, y2), new Point(500, y2));
                }
            }


            using (Brush b2 = new SolidBrush(Color.Green))
            {
                using (Pen p2 = new Pen(b2))
                {
                    int x = 500 + 28 * 10;
                    int y = 500 - 35 * 10;
                    e.Graphics.DrawString("28",Font, b2, new Point(x, 500));
                    e.Graphics.DrawString("35", Font, b2, new Point(500, y));
                    e.Graphics.DrawString("_____", Font, b2, new Point(x/2 + 250+ (int)Font.Size + 1, y/2 + 250-Font.Height+3));
                    e.Graphics.DrawString("√2009", Font, b2, new Point(x/2 + 250, y/2 + 250));


                    int x2 = 500 + 35 * 10;
                    int y2 = 500 - 28 * 10;
                    e.Graphics.DrawString("35", Font, b2, new Point(x2, 500));
                    e.Graphics.DrawString("28", Font, b2, new Point(500, y2));
                    e.Graphics.DrawString("_____", Font, b2, new Point(x2/2 + 250 + (int)Font.Size+1, y2/2 + 250 - Font.Height + 3));
                    e.Graphics.DrawString("√2009", Font, b2, new Point(x2/2+250, y2/2 + 250));
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

运行结果

扩展

在html中使用table元素表示短除

<html>
<body>
<table>
  <tr>
  	<td width="40px"></td>
    <td width="20px"></td>
    <td width="40px"></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
  	<td style="text-align:right">7</td>
    <td style="text-algin:center;border-left:2px solid #000;border-bottom:2px solid #000;" align="center" colspan="3">2009</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
  	<td></td>
    <td style="text-align:right">7</td>
    <td style="text-algin:center;border-left:2px solid #000;border-bottom:2px solid #000;"  align="center" colspan="2">287</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
  	<td ></td>
    <td ></td>
    <td style="text-align:center">41</td>
  </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

使用上述代码亲自试一试

显示效果