list学习之push_back，emplace_back， push_front， emplace_front， resize

本篇学习list添加元素操作

push_back：将元素添加到容器末尾

emplace_back：在容器末尾就地构造元素

push_front：插入元素到容器起始

emplace_front：在容器头部就地构造元素

resize：改变容器中可存储元素的个数

代码实现：

#include <list>
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

class Person3
{

public:
    Person3(string name):
        m_strName(name)
    {

    }

    string m_strName;
};

void addElement()
{
    list<Person3> list1;
    string strName =  "《出塞(王昌龄)》秦时明月汉时关，万里长征人未还。但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山。";
    Person3 person(strName);
    //int = [-2147483648, 2147483647]
    const int count = 214748;//2147483648
    //1.push_back：将元素添加到容器末尾
    double startTime1 = clock();//1计算开始
    for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)//214748
    {
        list1.push_back(strName);
    }
    double endTime1 = clock();//1时间结束
    list1.clear();
    cout << "for    1 run time is: " << (double)(endTime1 - startTime1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s" << endl;
    cout << endl;
    //2.emplace_back：在容器末尾就地构造元素
    list<Person3> list2;
    double startTime2 = clock();//2计算开始
    for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)//214748
    {
        list2.emplace_back(strName);
    }
    double endTime2 = clock();//2时间结束
    list2.clear();
    cout << "for    2 run time is: " << (double)(endTime2 - startTime2) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s" << endl;
    cout << endl;

    //3.push_front：插入元素到容器起始
    list<Person3> list3;
    double startTime3 = clock();//1计算开始
    for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)//214748
    {
        list3.push_front(strName);
    }
    double endTime3 = clock();//1时间结束
    list3.clear();
    cout << "for    3 run time is: " << (double)(endTime3 - startTime3) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s" << endl;
    cout << endl;
    //4.emplace_front：在容器头部就地构造元素
    list<Person3> list4;
    double startTime4 = clock();//2计算开始
    for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)//214748
    {
        list4.emplace_front(strName);
    }
    double endTime4 = clock();//2时间结束
    list4.clear();
    cout << "for    4 run time is: " << (double)(endTime4 - startTime4) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s" << endl;
    cout << endl;

    //5.resize：改变容器中可存储元素的个数
    list<int> list5;
    cout << "list5.empty = " << list5.empty() << " list5.size = " << list5.size() << endl;
    cout << "list5的值为:" << endl;
    list5 = {31, 32, 33, 34};
    for(auto &val: list5)
        cout << val << "\t";
    cout << endl;
    cout << "list5的值为:" << endl;
    list5.resize(3);
    for(auto &val: list5)
        cout << val << "\t";
    cout << endl;
    list5.resize(5);
    cout << "list5的值为:" << endl;
    for(auto &val: list5)
        cout << val << "\t";
    cout << endl;
    cout << "list5的值为:" << endl;
    list5.resize(7, 67);
    for(auto &val: list5)
        cout << val << "\t";
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
}

int main()
{
    addElement();
    cout << endl;

    cout << " Hello World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

运行结果：

从以上结果可以看出，添加元素，emplace_front/emplace_back比push_front/push_back效果要高很多，原理是emplace_front/emplace_back在元素后原位构造元素，省掉拷贝的过程。

resize重新设置list容器的大小，如果设置的值n小于当前容器的容量，则只取容器前n个元素，如果n大于当前容器的容量，则将其扩充为容量n，如果没有指定填充值，采用0填充，指定默认值则采用默认值填充。

参考：

http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/list/list/
https://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/list