grid函数--Matplotlib

1. 函数功能：

 配置网格线

2. 函数语法：

grid(b=None, which='major', axis='both', **kwargs）

3. 函数参数及示例：

参数	含义
visible	可选参数，布尔值；是否显示网格线，若设置了网格线的关键字参数，则表明要设置网格线且可见；若设置visible=None且没有设置关键字参数， 则网格线不可见
which	可选参数，要操作的网格线类型：‘major’, ‘minor’, ‘both’,默认取值： major，绘制主要刻度网格线
axis	可选参数，要操作哪个轴的网格线：‘x’, ‘y’, ‘both’,默认取值： both ，同时绘制x轴和y轴网格线
alpha	网格线透明度
color	网格线颜色
linestyle	网格线线条类型
linewidth	网格线线条粗细

3.1 默认添加主要刻度网格线

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(1956, 1966)
y = [20.5, 23.23, 17.24, 10.19, -4.57,
     3.8, 27.14, 33.5, 27.78, 28.5, ]

plt.plot(x, y, c='cyan', ls='-', lw=2, alpha=0.3, marker='o',
         ms=12, fillstyle='top', mfc='y', mec='r', mew=1)

plt.xticks(x, labels=x)
plt.minorticks_on()  # 添加次要刻度线

plt.grid()

plt.show()

3.2 设置网格线属性

3.2.1 线条类型与粗细

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(1956, 1966)
y = [20.5, 23.23, 17.24, 10.19, -4.57,
     3.8, 27.14, 33.5, 27.78, 28.5, ]

plt.plot(x, y, c='cyan', ls='-', lw=2, alpha=0.3, marker='o',
         ms=12, fillstyle='top', mfc='y', mec='r', mew=1)

plt.xticks(x, labels=x)
plt.minorticks_on()  # 添加次要刻度线

plt.grid(ls=':', lw=1, color='r')

plt.show()

3.2.2 线条颜色与透明度

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(1956, 1966)
y = [20.5, 23.23, 17.24, 10.19, -4.57,
     3.8, 27.14, 33.5, 27.78, 28.5, ]

plt.plot(x, y, c='cyan', ls='-', lw=2, alpha=0.3, marker='o',
         ms=12, fillstyle='top', mfc='y', mec='r', mew=1)

plt.xticks(x, labels=x)
plt.minorticks_on()  # 添加次要刻度线

plt.grid(ls=':', lw=1, color='r', alpha=0.3)

plt.show()

3.3 设置which参数，指定网格线

3.3.1 which=‘both’，同时绘制主要刻度和次要刻度网格线

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(1956, 1966)
y = [20.5, 23.23, 17.24, 10.19, -4.57,
     3.8, 27.14, 33.5, 27.78, 28.5, ]

plt.plot(x, y, c='cyan', ls='-', lw=2, alpha=0.3, marker='o',
         ms=12, fillstyle='top', mfc='y', mec='r', mew=1)

plt.xticks(x, labels=x)
plt.minorticks_on()  # 添加次要刻度线

plt.grid(which='both', ls=':', lw=1, color='r')

plt.show()

3.3.2 参数which=‘minor’，设置次要刻度网格线

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(1956, 1966)
y = [20.5, 23.23, 17.24, 10.19, -4.57,
     3.8, 27.14, 33.5, 27.78, 28.5, ]

plt.plot(x, y, c='cyan', ls='-', lw=2, alpha=0.3, marker='o',
         ms=12, fillstyle='top', mfc='y', mec='r', mew=1)

plt.xticks(x, labels=x)
plt.minorticks_on()  # 添加次要刻度线

plt.grid(which='minor', ls=':', lw=1, color='r', alpha=0.3)

plt.show()

3.4 设置axis参数，指定哪个坐标轴的网格线

3.4.1 axis=‘x’，只绘制x轴网格线

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(1956, 1966)
y = [20.5, 23.23, 17.24, 10.19, -4.57,
     3.8, 27.14, 33.5, 27.78, 28.5, ]

plt.plot(x, y, c='cyan', ls='-', lw=2, alpha=0.3, marker='o',
         ms=12, fillstyle='top', mfc='y', mec='r', mew=1)

plt.xticks(x, labels=x)
plt.minorticks_on()  # 添加次要刻度线

plt.grid(which='both', axis='x', ls=':', lw=1, color='r', alpha=0.3)

plt.show()

3.4.2 axis=‘y’，只绘制y轴网格线

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.arange(1956, 1966)
y = [20.5, 23.23, 17.24, 10.19, -4.57,
     3.8, 27.14, 33.5, 27.78, 28.5, ]

plt.plot(x, y, c='cyan', ls='-', lw=2, alpha=0.3, marker='o',
         ms=12, fillstyle='top', mfc='y', mec='r', mew=1)

plt.xticks(x, labels=x)
plt.minorticks_on()  # 添加次要刻度线

plt.grid(which='major', axis='y', ls=':', lw=1, color='r', alpha=0.3)

plt.show()