使用STM32F103的TIM2溢出再计数实现虚拟32位时钟提高测量精度的代码介绍

STM32F103是一个非常常用的低端单片机。其通用时钟(TIM2-TIM5)都只有16位，在用捕获模式测低频频率时，误差比较大。为此可以利用溢出时再计数实现32bit甚至更高位功能。

TIM2初始化设置代码如下：

void TIM2Init(void)
{
	// TIM2初始化成捕获比较模式, 用Channel_1,Channel_2,Channel_3
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
	TIM_ICInitTypeDef TIM_ICInitStructure;
	
	TIM_DeInit(TIM2);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA,ENABLE);
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0|GPIO_Pin_1|GPIO_Pin_2;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2,ENABLE); // 启动TIM2的RCC时钟
	TIM_DeInit(TIM2); // 复位TIM2
	
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 6 - 1; // 预分频6, 时钟降到12MHz
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up; // 向上计数
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = 65536 - 1; // 装载值65536, 准备当32位定时器的低16位
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = TIM_CKD_DIV1;
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0x00;
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2,&TIM_TimeBaseStructure);
	
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Falling; // 上升沿触发
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1; // 捕获欲分频, 是用于多输入周期一次捕获，如DIV4将4个周期才捕获一次，减少中断次数
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_DirectTI; // 管脚与寄存器关系
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0x00; // 设定几个周期后认为波形稳定，0x0~0xF，这里测稳恒就设0x0
	
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_1; // CH1,CH2,CH3三个通道
	TIM_ICInit(TIM2,&TIM_ICInitStructure);
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_2;
	TIM_ICInit(TIM2,&TIM_ICInitStructure);
	TIM_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_3;
	TIM_ICInit(TIM2,&TIM_ICInitStructure);
	
	TIM_ITConfig(TIM2, TIM_IT_CC1, ENABLE); // 使能捕获中断
//	TIM_ITConfig(TIM2, TIM_IT_CC2, ENABLE); 
//	TIM_ITConfig(TIM2, TIM_IT_CC3, ENABLE);
	TIM_ITConfig(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE); // 溢出中断，在溢出时高16位加1

	TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_CC1);
	TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_Update); 
	
	// 以输入自己为触发源，参考时钟结构图
	TIM_SelectInputTrigger(TIM2,TIM_TS_TI1FP1);
	TIM_SelectSlaveMode(TIM2,TIM_SlaveMode_Reset); // 主从模式，我也不知道是什么
	TIM_SelectMasterSlaveMode(TIM2,TIM_MasterSlaveMode_Enable);
	
	
	TIM_Cmd(TIM2,ENABLE); // 开启TIM2
}

中断计数代码如下(CaptureValueCH1是32位捕获值，用CaptureFlag通知相应函数取值)：

u16 CaptureValueCH1_Low = 0;
u16 CaptureValueCH1_High = 0;
void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{
	if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM2,TIM_IT_CC1)==SET)
	{
		TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_CC1); // 先清中断位, 两个中断可能互相干扰，故都清掉
		TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2,TIM_IT_Update);
		CaptureValueCH1_Low = TIM_GetCapture1(TIM2);
		CaptureValueCH1 = CaptureValueCH1_High;
		CaptureValueCH1 <<= 16;
		CaptureValueCH1 += CaptureValueCH1_Low; // 整合高低位，获得32位捕获值
		CaptureValueCH1_High = 0; // 清空捕获值。按初始化规则TIM2_CCR1应该已被清空 
//		CaptureValueCH1_Low = 0;
		CaptureFlag = 1;
	}
	else if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM2,TIM_IT_Update)==SET)
	{
		TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_CC1);
		TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2,TIM_IT_Update);
		CaptureValueCH1_High++;
	}
}

完整代码分享：

http://git.oschina.net/xjtu_johnlin/stm32f103_tim2_capture_frequency_counter

希望能帮助有需要的初学者。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/3578778/blog/1143022