一、原理讲解
Android通过广播监听USB连接状态的改变的动作在UsbManager.java文件里,为ACTION_USB_STATE。然而在UsbManager中,该常量的注释中包含{@hide},该注释是控制该API是否开放用的。未开发的API意味着google可以随时调整该API的定义或实现方式,而不用保证向下兼容。
所以尽量避免调用未开发的API,因为一旦系统升级导致其实现方式改变,程序很有可能就直接崩溃了。
注意:
- 目前仍未发现 ACTION_USB_ACCESSORY_XXX 这种广播
- 插拔手机与电脑之间的USB线:ACTION_USB_STATE(主要参数是 Boolean connected)
- 插拔U盘发送的是OTG广播:ACTION_USB_DEVICE_XXX,XXX代表了ATTACH 或 DETACH,这种情况是手机是主,u盘是从,手机给U盘供电。
二、代码如下
1、MyUsbManager.java
package com.example.testapp;
public class MyUsbManager {
/**
* Broadcast Action: A sticky broadcast for USB state change events when in device mode.
* This is a sticky broadcast for clients that includes USB connected/disconnected state,
* <ul>
* <li> {@link #USB_CONNECTED} boolean indicating whether USB is connected or disconnected.
* <li> {@link #USB_CONFIGURED} boolean indicating whether USB is configured. currently zero if not configured, one for configured.
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_ADB} boolean extra indicating whether the adb function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_RNDIS} boolean extra indicating whether the RNDIS ethernet function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_MTP} boolean extra indicating whether the MTP function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_PTP} boolean extra indicating whether the PTP function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_PTP} boolean extra indicating whether the accessory function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_AUDIO_SOURCE} boolean extra indicating whether the audio source function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_MIDI} boolean extra indicating whether the MIDI function is enabled
* </ul>
*/
public static final String ACTION_USB_STATE = "android.hardware.usb.action.USB_STATE";
/**
* Boolean extra indicating whether USB is connected or disconnected.
* Used in extras for the {@link #ACTION_USB_STATE} broadcast.
*/
public static final String USB_CONNECTED = "connected";
/**
* Boolean extra indicating whether USB is configured.
* Used in extras for the {@link #ACTION_USB_STATE} broadcast.
*/
public static final String USB_CONFIGURED = "configured";
/**
* Boolean extra indicating whether confidential user data, such as photos, should be
* made available on the USB connection. This variable will only be set when the user
* has explicitly asked for this data to be unlocked.
* Used in extras for the {@link #ACTION_USB_STATE} broadcast.
*/
public static final String USB_DATA_UNLOCKED = "unlocked";
/**
* A placeholder indicating that no USB function is being specified.
* Used to distinguish between selecting no function vs. the default function in {@link #setCurrentFunction(String)}.
*/
public static final String USB_FUNCTION_NONE = "none";
/**
* Name of the adb USB function.
* Used in extras for the {@link #ACTION_USB_STATE} broadcast
*/
public static final String USB_FUNCTION_ADB = "adb";
/**
* Name of the RNDIS ethernet USB function.
* Used in extras for the {@link #ACTION_USB_STATE} broadcast
*/
public static final String USB_FUNCTION_RNDIS = "rndis";
/**
* Name of the MTP USB function.
* Used in extras for the {@link #ACTION_USB_STATE} broadcast
*/
public static final String USB_FUNCTION_MTP = "mtp";
/**
* Name of the PTP USB function.
* Used in extras for the {@link #ACTION_USB_STATE} broadcast
*/
public static final String USB_FUNCTION_PTP = "ptp";
/**
* Name of the audio source USB function.
* Used in extras for the {@link #ACTION_USB_STATE} broadcast
*/
public static final String USB_FUNCTION_AUDIO_SOURCE = "audio_source";
/**
* Name of the MIDI USB function.
* Used in extras for the {@link #ACTION_USB_STATE} broadcast
*/
public static final String USB_FUNCTION_MIDI = "midi";
}
2、UsbActivity.java
package com.example.testapp;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.hardware.usb.UsbAccessory;
import android.hardware.usb.UsbDevice;
import android.hardware.usb.UsbManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.ScrollView;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class UsbActivity extends Activity {
private TextView textView;
private UsbManager usbManager;
private BroadcastReceiver receiver;
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
ScrollView scrollView = new ScrollView(this);
LinearLayout linearLayout = new LinearLayout(this);
linearLayout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
textView = new TextView(this);
scrollView.addView(linearLayout);
linearLayout.addView(textView);
setContentView(scrollView);
usbManager = (UsbManager) getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE);
receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
addText("action : " + action);
if(intent.hasExtra(UsbManager.EXTRA_PERMISSION_GRANTED)) {
boolean permissionGranted = intent.getBooleanExtra(UsbManager.EXTRA_PERMISSION_GRANTED, false);
addText("permissionGranted : " + permissionGranted);
}
switch(action) {
case UsbManager.ACTION_USB_ACCESSORY_ATTACHED:
case UsbManager.ACTION_USB_ACCESSORY_DETACHED:
//Name of extra for ACTION_USB_ACCESSORY_ATTACHED and ACTION_USB_ACCESSORY_DETACHED broadcasts containing the UsbAccessory object for the accessory.
UsbAccessory accessory = intent.getParcelableExtra(UsbManager.EXTRA_ACCESSORY);
addText(accessory.toString());
break;
case UsbManager.ACTION_USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED:
case UsbManager.ACTION_USB_DEVICE_DETACHED:
//Name of extra for ACTION_USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED and ACTION_USB_DEVICE_DETACHED broadcasts containing the UsbDevice object for the device.
UsbDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(UsbManager.EXTRA_DEVICE);
addText(device.toString());
break;
case MyUsbManager.ACTION_USB_STATE:
/*
* <li> {@link #USB_CONNECTED} boolean indicating whether USB is connected or disconnected.
* <li> {@link #USB_CONFIGURED} boolean indicating whether USB is configured.
* currently zero if not configured, one for configured.
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_ADB} boolean extra indicating whether the
* adb function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_RNDIS} boolean extra indicating whether the
* RNDIS ethernet function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_MTP} boolean extra indicating whether the
* MTP function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_PTP} boolean extra indicating whether the
* PTP function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_PTP} boolean extra indicating whether the
* accessory function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_AUDIO_SOURCE} boolean extra indicating whether the
* audio source function is enabled
* <li> {@link #USB_FUNCTION_MIDI} boolean extra indicating whether the
* MIDI function is enabled
* </ul>
*/
boolean connected = intent.getBooleanExtra(MyUsbManager.USB_CONNECTED, false);
addText("connected : " + connected);
boolean configured = intent.getBooleanExtra(MyUsbManager.USB_CONFIGURED, false);
addText("configured : " + configured);
boolean function_adb = intent.getBooleanExtra(MyUsbManager.USB_FUNCTION_ADB, false);
addText("function_adb : " + function_adb);
boolean function_rndis = intent.getBooleanExtra(MyUsbManager.USB_FUNCTION_RNDIS, false);
addText("function_rndis : " + function_rndis);
boolean function_mtp = intent.getBooleanExtra(MyUsbManager.USB_FUNCTION_MTP, false);
addText("function_mtp : " + function_mtp);
boolean function_ptp = intent.getBooleanExtra(MyUsbManager.USB_FUNCTION_PTP, false);
addText("usb_function_ptp : " + function_ptp);
boolean function_audio_source = intent.getBooleanExtra(MyUsbManager.USB_FUNCTION_AUDIO_SOURCE, false);
addText("function_audio_source : " + function_audio_source);
boolean function_midi = intent.getBooleanExtra(MyUsbManager.USB_FUNCTION_MIDI, false);
addText("function_midi : " + function_midi);
break;
}
}
};
intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_ACCESSORY_ATTACHED);
intentFilter.addAction(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_ACCESSORY_DETACHED);
intentFilter.addAction(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED);
intentFilter.addAction(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_DEVICE_DETACHED);
intentFilter.addAction(MyUsbManager.ACTION_USB_STATE);
registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
boolean hasUsbHost = getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_USB_HOST);
boolean hasUsbAccessory = getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_USB_ACCESSORY);
addText("hasUsbHost : " + hasUsbHost);
addText("hasUsbAccessory : " + hasUsbAccessory);
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
unregisterReceiver(receiver);
super.onDestroy();
}
private void addText(String str) {
textView.setText(textView.getText().toString() + str + "\n");
}
}
三、运行截图
四、ACTION_USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED 和 ACTION_USB_DEVICE_DETACHED的缺点
广播是去监测U盘插入和拔出的,也就意味着,你只要一插入或者一拔出U盘,就是收到这两个广播。它不会管你的设备有没有准备好,有没有mounted或者unmounted。
因此就需要引入一个新的广播 android.os.storage.extra.VOLUME_STATE。
这个广播就是用来监听Volume状态的。当外置Usb设备在Mounted或者UnMounted的时候则就可以用来做监听 int 类型的 VolumeInfo.EXTRA_VOLUME_STATE。
注意:android.os.storage.extra.VOLUME_STATE 一定要声明读写权限,否则是收不到的。
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />