protocol buffer简单使用

protocol buffer是google一种数据交换格式，独立于语言与平台。google提供了三种语言的实现：java，c++，python。采用二进制格式存储，相比xml进行数据交换快很多。可以用于分布式应用之间的数据通信以及异构环境下的数据存储。项目源码中附带有tutorial程序，不过看起来还是复杂，下面写一个简单用于存储配置信息的demo。

首先编写proto文件如下（里面定义QQ基本信息数据结构）：

package demo;

//
message QQ {
  required string nickname = 1;
  required int32 qqhao = 2;        // Unique ID number for this person.
  optional string email = 3;

  enum Sex {
    FEMALE = 0;
    MALE = 1;
  }

  optional Sex mysex = 4;

  message Friends {
    required string qqhao = 1;
  }

  repeated Friends friends = 5;
}

然后编译protoc --cpp_out=./ qq.proto 在同目录下生成qq.pb.cc与qq.pb.h两个文件，然后写一个c++文件实现将信息存入磁盘

// See README.txt for information and build instructions.

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include "qq.pb.h"
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  // Verify that the version of the library that we linked against is
  // compatible with the version of the headers we compiled against.
  GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;

  demo::QQ myqq;
  {
    fstream input("qq.info", ios::in | ios::binary);
    if (input) {
      myqq.ParseFromIstream(&input);
    }
  }

  {
    myqq.set_nickname("ciaos");
    myqq.set_qqhao(123456);
    myqq.set_email("123456@qq.com");

    myqq.set_mysex(demo::QQ::MALE);

    demo::QQ::Friends *fri = myqq.add_friends();
    fri->set_qqhao("friend1");
    fri = myqq.add_friends();
    fri->set_qqhao("friend2");
  }

  {
    //save info to local disk
    fstream output("qq.info", ios::out | ios::trunc | ios::binary);
    if (!myqq.SerializeToOstream(&output)) {
      cerr << "Failed to write address book." << endl;
      return -1;
    }
  }

  // Optional:  Delete all global objects allocated by libprotobuf.
  google::protobuf::ShutdownProtobufLibrary();

  return 0;
}

接着生成python的代码（protoc --python_out=./ qq.proto）

#! /usr/bin/python

import qq_pb2
import sys

# Iterates though all people in the AddressBook and prints info about them.
def ReadInfo(myqq):
        print "Nickname:", myqq.nickname
        print "QQ:", myqq.qqhao
        print "E-mail:", myqq.email

        for friend in person.friends:
                print "Friends:", friend.qqhao

myqq = qq_pb2.QQ()

f = open("qq.info", "rb")
myqq.ParseFromString(f.read())
f.close()

ReadInfo(myqq)

就可以轻松地从文件中读取信息出来了。