数据压缩作业：rgb文件三通道分量的熵计算

测试文件test.rgb分辨率为256*256，数据格式为每个像素占用3字节，BGRBGR...保存。

用C++语言计算R、G、B三通道分量的熵：

图像熵表示为图像灰度级集合的比特平均数，单位比特/像素，也描述了图像信源的平均信息量。

计算公式：

 1.读取源文件：

test = fopen("D:\\大三下\\数据压缩\\作业1\\test.rgb", "rb");

注：VS2019一般需修改配置才能正常运行，修改方式如下：在整个项目里生效，依次选择：属性-配置属性-C/C++ -预处理器-预处理器定义-编辑

附上一行：_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 

（参考：VS中设置#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS的两种方式 - 你好中国 - 博客园

2. 计算公式中所需次数m：

for (int g = 0; g < 256; g++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 256 * 256; j++)
		{
			if (*(Bbuffer + j) == g)
			{
				Bf[g] ++;
			}
			if (*(Gbuffer + j) == g)
			{
				Gf[g] ++;
			}
			if (*(Rbuffer + j) == g)
			{
				Rf[g] ++;
			}
		}
	}

3.计算公式中所需概率P：

for (int m = 0; m < 256; m++)
	{
		Bf[m] = Bf[m] / (256 * 256);
		Gf[m] = Gf[m] / (256 * 256);
		Rf[m] = Rf[m] / (256 * 256);
	}

4.带入公式计算熵值：

for (int n = 0; n < 256; n++)
	{
		if (*(Bf + n) != 0)
		{
			B1[n] = -Bf[n] * (log(Bf[n]) / log(2.0));
		}
		if (*(Gf + n) != 0)
		{
			G1[n] = -Gf[n] * (log(Gf[n]) / log(2.0));
		}
		if (*(Rf + n) != 0)
		{
			R1[n] = -Rf[n] * (log(Rf[n]) / log(2.0));
		}
	}

	for (int sum = 0; sum < 256; sum++)
	{
		Bs += B1[sum];
		Gs += G1[sum];
		Rs += R1[sum];
	}

 完整代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	FILE* test;
	test = fopen("D:\\大三下\\数据压缩\\作业1\\test.rgb", "rb");
	unsigned char* rgb, * Bbuffer, * Gbuffer, * Rbuffer;
	rgb = (unsigned char*)malloc(256 * 256 * 3 * sizeof(unsigned char));
	Bbuffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(256 * 256 * sizeof(unsigned char));
	Gbuffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(256 * 256 * sizeof(unsigned char));
	Rbuffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(256 * 256 * sizeof(unsigned char));
	double Rf[256] = { 0 };
	double Gf[256] = { 0 };
	double Bf[256] = { 0 };
	double R1[256] = { 0 };
	double G1[256] = { 0 };
	double B1[256] = { 0 };
	double Bs = 0;
	double Gs = 0;
	double Rs = 0;

	fread(rgb, 1, 256 * 256 * 3, test);

	//将文件中的rgb值分别存放在 * B_buffer, * G_buffer, * R_buffer中；
	for (int h = 0; h < 256; h++)
	{
		int i = 0;
		for (int w = 0; w < 256 * 3; w = w + 3)
		{
			*(Bbuffer + h * 256 + i) = *(rgb + h * 256 * 3 + w);
			*(Gbuffer + h * 256 + i) = *(rgb + h * 256 * 3 + w + 1);
			*(Rbuffer + h * 256 + i) = *(rgb + h * 256 * 3 + w + 2);
			i++;
		}
	}

	//统计B,G,R中0~255出现的次数
	for (int g = 0; g < 256; g++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 256 * 256; j++)
		{
			if (*(Bbuffer + j) == g)
			{
				Bf[g] ++;
			}
			if (*(Gbuffer + j) == g)
			{
				Gf[g] ++;
			}
			if (*(Rbuffer + j) == g)
			{
				Rf[g] ++;
			}
		}
	}

	//统计B,G,R中0~255这些值的概率
	for (int m = 0; m < 256; m++)
	{
		Bf[m] = Bf[m] / (256 * 256);
		Gf[m] = Gf[m] / (256 * 256);
		Rf[m] = Rf[m] / (256 * 256);
	}

	//计算单个熵
	for (int n = 0; n < 256; n++)
	{
		if (*(Bf + n) != 0)
		{
			B1[n] = -Bf[n] * (log(Bf[n]) / log(2.0));
		}
		if (*(Gf + n) != 0)
		{
			G1[n] = -Gf[n] * (log(Gf[n]) / log(2.0));
		}
		if (*(Rf + n) != 0)
		{
			R1[n] = -Rf[n] * (log(Rf[n]) / log(2.0));
		}
	}

	//计算B,G,R的熵；
	for (int sum = 0; sum < 256; sum++)
	{
		Bs += B1[sum];
		Gs += G1[sum];
		Rs += R1[sum];
	}
	cout << "R的熵为:" << Rs << endl;
	cout << "G的熵为:" << Gs << endl;
	cout << "B的熵为:" << Bs << endl;
}

运行结果：