Android之Intent全面解析及用法

 Intent对Android的核心和灵魂，是各组件之间的桥梁。四大组件分别为Activity 、Service、BroadcastReceiver、ContentProvider。
而这四种组件是独立的，它们之间可以互相调用，协调工作，最终组成一个真正的Android应用。

Intent的中文意思为“意图”，在Android中可以理解为想要做什么，What do want to do? 所以什么时候要用到Intent就很好理解了。

显示网页:Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com"); 
Intent it   = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,uri); 
startActivity(it); 

显示地图:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476"); 
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.Action_VIEW,uri); 
startActivity(it); 

路径规划:
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en"); 
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,URI); 
startActivity(it); 

拨打电话:
调用拨号程序
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:xxxxxx"); 
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);   
startActivity(it);   
Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel.xxxxxx"); 
Intent it =new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL,uri); 
要使用这个必须在配置文件中加入<uses-permission id="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" /> 




发送SMS/MMS
调用发送短信的程序

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); 
it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); 
it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms"); 
startActivity(it);  
 
发送短信
Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123"); 
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); 
it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); 
startActivity(it);   

发送彩信
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23"); 
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 
it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text"); 
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri); 
it.setType("image/png"); 
startActivity(it); 

发送Email
Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com"); 
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); 
startActivity(it); 
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com"); 
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); 
it.setType("text/plain"); 
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));   
Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);     
String[] tos={"me@abc.com"};     
String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"};     
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);     
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);     
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");     
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");     
it.setType("message/rfc822");     
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 

添加附件
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); 
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3"); 
sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3"); 
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 

播放多媒体
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); 
Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3"); 
it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3"); 
startActivity(it); 
Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1"); 
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); 
startActivity(it);
   
Uninstall 程序
Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null); 
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri); 
startActivity(it); 

Install　程序
Uri installUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null); 
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, installUri); 

//搜索应用 
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name");   
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);   
startActivity(it);   
//where pkg_name is the full package path for an application   
//显示指定应用的详细页面（这个好像不支持了，找不到app_id） 
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=app_id");   
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);   
startActivity(it);   
//where app_id is the application ID, find the ID   
//by clicking on your application on Market home   
//page, and notice the ID from the address bar 

 

打开另一程序
Intent i = new Intent();    
   ComponentName cn = new ComponentName("com.drip.android2",    
                   "com.drip.android2.AndroidSearch");    
         i.setComponent(cn);    
         i.setAction("android.intent.action.MAIN");    
         startActivityForResult(i, RESULT_OK); 
 
打开联系人列表
<1>              
    Intent i = new Intent();    
    i.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);    
    i.setType("vnd.android.cursor.item/phone");    
    startActivityForResult(i, REQUEST_TEXT);    
  
   <2>    
   Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://contacts/people");    
   Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, uri);    
   startActivityForResult(it, REQUEST_TEXT);    
打开录音机
Intent mi = new Intent(Media.RECORD_SOUND_ACTION);    
         startActivity(mi); 
 
  从gallery选取图片   
Inten t i = new Intent();  
  i.setType("image/*");    
       i.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);    
       startActivityForResult(i, 11);  
 
打开照相机
<1>Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CAMERA_BUTTON, null);    
          this.sendBroadcast(i);    
    <2>long dateTaken = System.currentTimeMillis();    
         String name = createName(dateTaken) + ".jpg";    
         fileName = folder + name;    
         ContentValues values = new ContentValues();    
         values.put(Images.Media.TITLE, fileName);    
         values.put("_data", fileName);    
         values.put(Images.Media.PICASA_ID, fileName);    
         values.put(Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);    
         values.put(Images.Media.DESCRIPTION, fileName);    
         values.put(Images.ImageColumns.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);    
         Uri photoUri = getContentResolver().insert(    
                   MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values);    
              
         Intent inttPhoto = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);    
         inttPhoto.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoUri);    
         startActivityForResult(inttPhoto, 10);  
  
播放多媒体
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);    
Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3");    
it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3");    
startActivity(it);    

或者   
Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1");      
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);      
startActivity(it);    
    
或者   
Uri playUri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/download/everything.mp3");   
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, playUri);   
发送Email
Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com");
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
startActivity(it);
 
或者:
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, address);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, filename);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.parse("file://" + filename)); ;
intent.setType("text/csv");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, "EMail File"));
 
或者:
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
it.setType("text/plain");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
 
或者:
Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
String[] tos={"me@abc.com"};
String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"};
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.setType("message/rfc822");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));
 
或者:
Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3");
sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

 后台发送短信
注册权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" />
代码实现 :
// 获取信息内容
String message ;
// 移动运营商允许每次发送的字节数据有限，我们可以使用Android给我们提供 的短信工具。
if (message != null) {
SmsManager sms = SmsManager.getDefault();
// 如果短信没有超过限制长度，则返回一个长度的List。
List<String> texts = sms.divideMessage(message);
for (String text : texts) {
sms.sendTextMessage(“这里是接收者电话号码”,  “这里是发送者电话号码”,  “这里是短信内容”,  null, null);
}
}
//说明
sms.sendTextMessage(destinationAddress, scAddress, text, sentIntent, deliveryIntent)：
destinationAddress:接收方的手机号码
scAddress:发送方的手机号码
text:信息内容
sentIntent:发送是否成功的回执，
DeliveryIntent:接收是否成功的回执，
 
从google搜索内容
Intent intent = new Intent();    
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH);    
intent.putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY,"searchString")    
startActivity(intent);  

APK 安装
Intent intent =new Intenet();

String filepath="/SDCard/XXX.apk";

intent.setDataAndType(Uri.parse("file://" + filepath),"application/vnd.android.package-archive");
starActivity(intent);

Activity之间的传递

Intent intent=new Intent();
intent.setClass(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);

带参数

详见下一篇文章 两个Activity的数据传递。