UVA 144 Student Grants

The Government of Impecunia has decided to discourage tertiary students by making the payments of tertiary grants a long and time-consuming process. Each student is issued a student ID card which has a magnetically encoded strip on the back which records the payment of the student grant. This is initially set to zero. The grant has been set at $40 per year and is paid to the student on the working day nearest to his birthday. (Impecunian society is still somewhat medieval and only males continue with tertiary education.) Thus on any given working day up to 25 students will appear at the nearest o ce of the Department of Student Subsidies to collect their grant. The grant is paid by an Automatic Teller Machine which is driven by a reprogrammed 80851 chip 2 originally designed to run the state slot machine. The ATM was built in the State Workshops and is designed to be di cult to rob. It consists of an interior vault where it holds a large stock of$1 coins and an output store from which these coins are dispensed. To limit possible losses it will only move coins from the vault to the output store when that is empty. When the machine is switched on in the morning, with an empty output store, it immediately moves 1 coin into the output store. When that has been dispensed it will then move 2 coins, then 3, and so on until it reaches some preset limit k. It then recycles back to 1, then 2 and so on.
The students form a queue at this machine and, in turn, each student inserts his card. The machine dispenses what it has in its output store and updates the amount paid to that student by writing the new total on the card. If the student has not received his full grant, he removes his card and rejoins the queue at the end. If the amount in the store plus what the student has already received comes to more than $40, the machine only pays out enough to make the total up to$40. Since this fact is recorded on the card, it is pointless for the student to continue queuing and he leaves. The amount remaining in the store is then available for the next student.
Write a program that will read in values of N (the number of students, 1 ≤ N ≤ 25) and k (the limit for that machine, 1 ≤ k ≤ 40) and calculate the order in which the students leave the queue.

Input
Input will consist of a series of lines each containing a value for N and k as integers. The list will be terminated by two zeroes (0 0).

Output
Output will consist of a line for each line of input and will contain the list of students in the order in which they leave the queue. Students are ordered according to their position in the queue at the start of the day. All numbers must be right justi ed in a eld of width 3.

Sample Input
5 3
0 0

Sample Output
1 3 5 2 4

题意：
有n个学生排队领钱，取款机每次从1开始按递增序列给钱，从1开始到k后又从1开始，循环往复。 如果学生领够40元就离开，否则回到队尾重新排序，如果给的钱加上学生生手中的钱多余40，则剩下的钱给下一个人，输出学生离开的顺序
思路：
建立一个student结构体，储存学号和钱数，将其依次添加到队列中，模拟整个过程

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
int N,k;
using namespace std;
struct IDnumber//存储学生的状态
{
    int num;
    int sum;
};
queue <IDnumber> queStudents;
void initial()
{
    IDnumber id;
    while(!queStudents.empty())//每次都清空队列
        queStudents.pop();
    for(int i=0;i<N;i++)
    {
        id.num=i+1;
        id.sum=0;
        queStudents.push(id);
    }
}
void payStudents()
{
    int m=1,flag=0;
    IDnumber id;
    for(int i=1;i<=k;i++)
    {
        if(!queStudents.empty())
        id=queStudents.front();//取出队列前端的对象
        else
            break;
        if(flag==0)
        m=i;
        if(id.sum+m<=40)//若小于40
        {
            id.sum+=m;//重置该学生的钱数
            flag=0;
        }
        else if(id.sum+m>40)//若大于40
        {
            m-=40-id.sum;//m为余下的钱
            id.sum=40;//重置该学生钱数为40
            flag=1;//flag标记为1
            i--;//取款机后台停止工作
        }
        queStudents.pop();
        if(id.sum<40)
            queStudents.push(id);//若钱数小于40，重新到队尾排队，添加到队列中
        else
            cout<<setw(3)<<id.num;//s输出格式，每个数字占3个字符位
        if(i==k)
            i=0;//取款机重复从1开始给钱
    }
}
int main ()
{

    while(cin>>N>>k)
    {
        if(N==0&&k==0)
            break;
        initial();
        payStudents();
        cout<<endl;
    }

    return 0;
}